Germany and Kazakhstan
Germany and Kazakhstan connect the economy, technological cooperation and contacts with Central Asia. Universities and language teaching add social ties to political dialogue.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-07 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-07What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Germany and Kazakhstan totalled 9,104.8 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Germany to Kazakhstan, at 1,027.6 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 9,104.75 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU |
| Goods: Germany to Kazakhstan | 3,087.27 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU |
| Goods: Kazakhstan to Germany | 6,017.48 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Germany to Kazakhstan | 0.17 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU |
| Export share: Kazakhstan to Germany | ||
| Investment stock: Germany in Kazakhstan | ||
| Investment stock: Kazakhstan in Germany |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU · Goods; full year; DEU reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: Germany to Kazakhstan
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU · Goods; full year; DEU reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: Kazakhstan to Germany
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU · Goods; full year; DEU reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Export share: Germany to Kazakhstan
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / DEU · Goods share: DEU exports to the partner / the same reporter's exports to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Germany | Kazakhstan |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 5.05 trillion USD2025 · WB | 306.24 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 60,496.44 USD2025 · WB | 14,692.13 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 0.24 %2025 · WB | 6.5 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 2.5 %2026-09-16 · BCE | |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.17 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 11.39 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 3.3 %provisionalprovisionalYear-on-year · Sept. 2026 · Destatis | |
| Unemployment | 3.71 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 4.77 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -3.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 62.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 24.6 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 4.51 %2025 · WB | -4.07 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 83,491,2492025 · WB | 20,843,7542025 · WB |
| Area | 357,680 km²2023 · WB | 2,724,902 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDGermany: 2025 · World BankKazakhstan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personGermany: 2025 · World BankKazakhstan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Germany: 2025 · World BankKazakhstan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Germany: 2026-09-16 · ECB: deposit facility; shared euro-area rate · European Central Bank
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Germany: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World BankKazakhstan: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedGermany: 2026-09 · Change in headline CPI from the same month of the previous year (%) · Destatis · Published: 2026-09-30 · provisional · Provisional · National headline CPI, year-on-year, not monthly inflation or an annual average. Provisional data or an official advance release; subject to revision.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionGermany: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Kazakhstan: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Germany: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Kazakhstan: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Germany: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Kazakhstan: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPGermany: 2025 · World BankKazakhstan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Population
- PeopleGermany: 2025 · World BankKazakhstan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceGermany: 2023 · Area according to the series' coverage; does not determine sovereignty or effective control · World BankKazakhstan: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Germany to Kazakhstan
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 1,027.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 307.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 286.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 208.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 65.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 1.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 0 M USD2025 · Source |
Kazakhstan to Germany
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels and oils | 5,658 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 17.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 2.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 2.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 1.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 0 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Germany to Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan to Germany |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 6,072.4 | 1,731.3 | 4,341.1 |
| 2022 | 10,604.5 | 3,066.5 | 7,538 |
| 2023 | 9,529.2 | 3,565.2 | 5,964 |
| 2024 | 9,963.8 | 3,121.7 | 6,842 |
| 2025 | 9,104.8 | 3,087.3 | 6,017.5 |
Connections between people
The Kazakh-German University in Almaty and other university projects connect training and research. Scholarships offered are not confused with the total number of resident students. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Germany living in Kazakhstan | ||
| Residents from Kazakhstan living in Germany | ||
| Study and training: Germany in Kazakhstan | ||
| Study and training: Kazakhstan in Germany | ||
| Academic stays: Germany in Kazakhstan | ||
| Academic stays: Kazakhstan in Germany | ||
| Travel: Germany to Kazakhstan | ||
| Travel: Kazakhstan to Germany |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
History and institutional framework
Relations began in 1992. The September 2024 German visit combined bilateral talks with a C5+1 meeting of Central Asian leaders, mechanisms with different scopes. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Germany is 5,050.9 billion USD (2025), compared with 306.2 for Kazakhstan (2025). The reference populations are 83.49 and 20.84 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Germany was 16.49 times that of Kazakhstan in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Reviewed: 2026-10-07
Areas of the relationship
Diplomatic relations: The official relationship was established. Visit and regional meeting: Bilateral and C5+1 talks were held. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Germany and Kazakhstan) totalled 9,104.8 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 3,087.3 million; those in the opposite direction, 6,017.5 million. The difference between the two flows was 2,930.2 million, in favour of Kazakhstan. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Germany to the partner represented 0.17% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 6,072.4 million USD in 2021 and 9,104.8 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +49.9 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2022, at 10,604.5 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Germany to Kazakhstan, at 1,027.6 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Kazakhstan to Germany, at 5,658 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Milestones and consequences
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — DEU-KAZ
Germany's Federal Foreign Office · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 276; partners 0,364,760,275,504,860,499,600,400,604,484,218,51,807,688,203,170,368,70,858,398,434,762,608,214,12,642,591,686,566,834,52,152,68,208,417,288,634,360,579,268,496,32,352,384,116,404,300,558,704,780,480,768,100,512,800,8,148,340,180,598,450,178,188,320,388,706,478,670,348,586,740,28,716,231,262,428,795,690,108,24,191,144,458,442,554,776,50,4,192,410,585,440,104,196,426,454,646,728,764,854,233,516,788,308,232,328,508,662,132,84,659,620,562,470,212,40,498,798,894,703,752,414,48,520,120,524,222,31,882,466
UN Comtrade / DEU · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / DEU · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Selected HS2 chapters; reporter 276; annual 2025; same partner/flow/coverage as total
UN Comtrade / DEU · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade / DEU
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · Selected HS2 chapters; reporter 276; annual 2025; same partner/flow/coverage as total.