Germany and Ukraine
Germany supports Ukraine against Russia’s invasion with political, humanitarian, financial and military assistance. Its position combines support for self-defence and Ukrainian EU entry with pursuit of a comprehensive ceasefire and robust security guarantees.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Bilateral context
Germany’s ministry places support for Ukraine in its response to Russia’s invasion begun on 24 February 2022, which it describes as a war of aggression contrary to international law.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Germany and Ukraine totalled 14,205 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Germany to Ukraine, at 1,477.2 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 14,205.02 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Germany to Ukraine | 10,644.45 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Ukraine to Germany | 3,560.57 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Germany to Ukraine | 0.6 % | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Ukraine to Germany | ||
| Investment stock: Germany in Ukraine | ||
| Investment stock: Ukraine in Germany |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter DEU. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Germany to Ukraine
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter DEU. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Ukraine to Germany
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter DEU. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Germany to Ukraine
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Year-on-year inflation: different periods or frequencies; the two figures are not directly comparable.
| Indicator | Germany | Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 5.05 trillion USD2025 · WB | 212.93 billion USDIMF est.2025 · IMF |
| GDP per capita | 60,496.44 USD2025 · WB | 6,499.26 USDIMF est.2025 · IMF |
| GDP growth | 0.24 %2025 · WB | 1.82 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 2.5 %2026-09-16 · BCE | 16 %2026-09-17 · NBU / BIS |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.17 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 12.73 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 3.3 %provisionalprovisionalYear-on-year · Sept. 2026 · Destatis | 8.1 %Year-on-year · Aug. 2026 · Statistics UA |
| Unemployment | 3.71 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 11.6 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -23.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 62.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 108.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 4.51 %2025 · WB | -15 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Population | 83,491,2492025 · WB | 32,762,000IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Area | 357,680 km²2023 · WB | 603,550 km²2023 · BM / FAO |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
For Ukraine, GDP, population and GDP per capita are estimates from the same IMF (WEO) dataset for 2025. The per-capita figure published by the IMF is used, not a separate calculation. The previous World Bank series did not reconcile and are not mixed with this dataset. Reviewed: 2026-10-07. IMF data terms of use0
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDGermany: 2025 · World BankUkraine: 2025 · Nominal GDP in current USD · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate (WEO). GDP, GDP per capita and population for this country come from the same WEO query for 2025; no separate GDP-per-capita figure has been calculated.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personGermany: 2025 · World BankUkraine: 2025 · Nominal GDP per capita in current USD · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate (WEO). GDP, GDP per capita and population for this country come from the same WEO query for 2025; no separate GDP-per-capita figure has been calculated.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Germany: 2025 · World BankUkraine: 2025 · World Bank
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Germany: 2026-09-16 · ECB: deposit facility; shared euro-area rate · European Central BankUkraine: 2026-09-17 · National Bank of Ukraine policy rate · National Bank of Ukraine · speech published by the BIS · Published: 2026-09-21 · Decision announcement date; the BIS reproduces the governor's speech. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-06
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Germany: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World BankUkraine: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World Bank
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedGermany: 2026-09 · Change in headline CPI from the same month of the previous year (%) · Destatis · Published: 2026-09-30 · provisional · Provisional · National headline CPI, year-on-year, not monthly inflation or an annual average. Provisional data or an official advance release; subject to revision.Ukraine: 2026-08 · Change in headline CPI from the same month of the previous year (%) · State Statistics Service of Ukraine · Published: 2026-09-09 · National headline year-on-year CPI, not monthly inflation or an annual average.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionGermany: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Ukraine: 2025 · Annual unemployment estimated by IMF WEO, not a contemporaneous labour survey or ILO modelled estimate. · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate for 2025; the war limits the collection of labour observations. Not equivalent to observed unemployment in 2026.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Germany: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Ukraine: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Germany: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Ukraine: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPGermany: 2025 · World BankUkraine: 2025 · Current-account balance as % of GDP, IMF WEO. · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · Annual WEO estimate for UKR, 2025; not recalculated using GDP from another source.
- Population
- PeopleGermany: 2025 · World BankUkraine: 2025 · Population from the WEO series; do not mix with a denominator from another source · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate (WEO). GDP, GDP per capita and population for this country come from the same WEO query for 2025; no separate GDP-per-capita figure has been calculated.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceGermany: 2023 · Area according to the series' coverage; does not determine sovereignty or effective control · World BankUkraine: 2023 · Total area, including inland waters; territorial coverage as defined by the source · World Bank · FAO
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Germany to Ukraine
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 1,477.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 1,180.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 1,062.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 336.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 323.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 54.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 9.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0.00928 M USD2025 · Source |
Ukraine to Germany
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 611.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 114.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 57.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 46.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 28.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 18.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 1.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.658 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Germany to Ukraine | Ukraine to Germany |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 10,149 | 6,471.9 | 3,677.1 |
| 2022 | 8,531.7 | 5,145.4 | 3,386.4 |
| 2023 | 11,012.7 | 7,780.6 | 3,232.1 |
| 2024 | 12,676 | 8,900.4 | 3,775.6 |
| 2025 | 14,205 | 10,644.5 | 3,560.6 |
Connections between people
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Germany living in Ukraine | ||
| Residents from Ukraine living in Germany | ||
| Study and training: Germany in Ukraine | ||
| Study and training: Ukraine in Germany | ||
| Academic stays: Germany in Ukraine | ||
| Academic stays: Ukraine in Germany | ||
| Travel: Germany to Ukraine | ||
| Travel: Ukraine to Germany |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Germany is 5,050.9 billion USD (2025), compared with 212.9 for Ukraine (2025). The reference populations are 83.49 and 32.76 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Germany was 23.72 times that of Ukraine in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Bilateral context
Germany’s ministry places support for Ukraine in its response to Russia’s invasion begun on 24 February 2022, which it describes as a war of aggression contrary to international law. Assistance includes civilian and military dimensions and is coordinated with European and international partners. [1]
Cooperation and bilateral issues
Germany also hosts Ukrainian refugees. Declared policy seeks to expand aid, increase pressure on Russia and support negotiations for a just, lasting peace with security guarantees. This combination does not mean a signed peace agreement exists or assistance is limited to one bilateral channel. Berlin supports Ukraine’s European path; formal EU accession negotiations opened on 25 June 2024. Opening negotiations and actual entry are distinct stages. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Germany and Ukraine) totalled 14,205 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 10,644.5 million; those in the opposite direction, 3,560.6 million. The difference between the two flows was 7,083.9 million, in favour of Germany. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Germany to the partner represented 0.6% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 10,149 million USD in 2021 and 14,205 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +40 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2025, at 14,205 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Germany to Ukraine, at 1,477.2 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Ukraine to Germany, at 611.7 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — DEU-UKR
Germany's Federal Foreign Office · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
IMF — World Economic Outlook · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
IMF — World Economic Outlook · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.