Bangladesh and Malaysia
Bangladesh and Malaysia have maintained a broad relationship since recognition in 1972, with labour and educational mobility as important connections. Worker recruitment agreements, university exchanges and technical training complement political, economic and military cooperation.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Bangladesh and Malaysia totalled 3,972.5 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Bangladesh to Malaysia, at 47.3 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 3,972.47 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Bangladesh to Malaysia | 498.4 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Malaysia to Bangladesh | 3,474.06 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Bangladesh to Malaysia | ||
| Export share: Malaysia to Bangladesh | ||
| Investment stock: Bangladesh in Malaysia | ||
| Investment stock: Malaysia in Bangladesh |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter MYS. Both directions come from the same verified customs document, not from adding mirror declarations together. Exports generally FOB; imports generally CIF.
- Goods: Bangladesh to Malaysia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter MYS. Both directions come from the same verified customs document, not from adding mirror declarations together. Exports generally FOB; imports generally CIF.
- Goods: Malaysia to Bangladesh
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter MYS. Both directions come from the same verified customs document, not from adding mirror declarations together. Exports generally FOB; imports generally CIF.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Bangladesh | Malaysia |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 456.32 billion USD2025 · WB | 472.19 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 2,597.34 USD2025 · WB | 13,124.56 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 3.49 %2025 · WB | 5.17 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | ||
| Inflation · annual average | 8.77 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 1.38 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | ||
| Unemployment | 3.78 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 3.76 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -3.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 42 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 70.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.05 %2025 · WB | 1.69 %2024 · WB |
| Population | 175,686,8992025 · WB | 35,977,8382025 · WB |
| Area | 147,570 km²2023 · WB | 330,411 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDBangladesh: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personBangladesh: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Bangladesh: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Bangladesh: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency stated
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionBangladesh: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Bangladesh: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Malaysia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Bangladesh: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Malaysia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPBangladesh: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2024 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Population
- PeopleBangladesh: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceBangladesh: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Malaysia: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Bangladesh to Malaysia
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels and oils | 47.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 7.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 2.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 1.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 1.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.0171 M USD2025 · Source |
Malaysia to Bangladesh
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels and oils | 2,383.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 96.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 19.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 13.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 2.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 1.2 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Bangladesh to Malaysia | Malaysia to Bangladesh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2,572.4 | 313.8 | 2,258.7 |
| 2022 | 4,474 | 324.4 | 4,149.7 |
| 2023 | 2,785.6 | 328.8 | 2,456.8 |
| 2024 | 2,916.4 | 328.8 | 2,587.6 |
| 2025 | 3,972.5 | 498.4 | 3,474.1 |
Connections between people
Education includes university exchanges and a 2022 memorandum between Taylor’s University, the University of Dhaka and the high commission. MTCP offers officials training in technology, finance and administrative capacities. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Bangladesh living in Malaysia | ||
| Residents from Malaysia living in Bangladesh | ||
| Study and training: Bangladesh in Malaysia | ||
| Study and training: Malaysia in Bangladesh | ||
| Academic stays: Bangladesh in Malaysia | ||
| Academic stays: Malaysia in Bangladesh | ||
| Travel: Bangladesh to Malaysia | ||
| Travel: Malaysia to Bangladesh |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Bilateral context
Malaysia recognised Bangladesh on 31 January 1972. The first foreign ministry consultations took place in Dhaka in May 2017 and the second round in Putrajaya in February 2018. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Bangladesh is 456.3 billion USD (2025), compared with 472.2 for Malaysia (2025). The reference populations are 175.69 and 35.98 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Bangladesh was 0.966 times that of Malaysia in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [4] [5]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The profile brings together labour mobility instruments from 2003, 2012, 2016 and December 2021 and a liquefied natural gas supply memorandum from July 2021. Education includes university exchanges and a 2022 memorandum between Taylor’s University, the University of Dhaka and the high commission. MTCP offers officials training in technology, finance and administrative capacities. Military officers study in centres in both countries and naval port calls occurred in 2020. The text mixes historical data and pandemic-era language: the future plans it describes are not assumed updated by the capture date. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Bangladesh and Malaysia) totalled 3,972.5 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 498.4 million; those in the opposite direction, 3,474.1 million. The difference between the two flows was 2,975.7 million, in favour of Malaysia. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 2,572.4 million USD in 2021 and 3,972.5 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +54.4 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2022, at 4,474 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [2]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Bangladesh to Malaysia, at 47.3 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Malaysia to Bangladesh, at 2,383.9 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [3]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — MYS-BGD
kualalumpur.mofa.gov.bd · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- UN Comtrade annual data; reused verified primary payload, not re-downloaded
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.