Czechia and Mongolia
Czechia and Mongolia combine educational cooperation, security, agriculture and environmental protection. The Mongolian state visit in 2025 expanded its political framework and produced sectoral instruments, with business and cultural contacts complementing the intergovernmental agenda.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Bilateral context
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh's visit to Czechia took place from 9 to 12 March 2025, in the year of the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Czechia and Mongolia totalled 47.8 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Czechia to Mongolia, at 6.2 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 47.84 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Czechia to Mongolia | 45.62 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Mongolia to Czechia | 2.22 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Czechia to Mongolia | 0.0162 % | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Mongolia to Czechia | ||
| Investment stock: Czechia in Mongolia | ||
| Investment stock: Mongolia in Czechia |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter CZE. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Czechia to Mongolia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter CZE. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Mongolia to Czechia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter CZE. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Czechia to Mongolia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Czechia | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 391.03 billion USD2025 · WB | 25.37 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 35,917.27 USD2025 · WB | 7,108.23 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 2.58 %2025 · WB | 6.84 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | ||
| Inflation · annual average | 2.46 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 8.61 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | ||
| Unemployment | 2.83 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 5.23 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 1.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 44.6 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 45.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 0.62 %2025 · WB | -10.45 %2024 · WB |
| Population | 10,886,8782025 · WB | 3,568,978World Bank est.2025 · WB |
| Area | 78,871 km²2023 · WB | 1,564,116 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDCzechia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personCzechia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Czechia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Czechia: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency stated
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionCzechia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Czechia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Mongolia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Czechia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Mongolia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPCzechia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2024 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeopleCzechia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2025 · World Bank · WB est. · The source indicates an extrapolated population; this is not a census count.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceCzechia: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.Mongolia: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Czechia to Mongolia
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 6.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 2.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 1.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.792 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 0.061 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.0152 M USD2025 · Source |
Mongolia to Czechia
How trade has changed
Millions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Czechia to Mongolia | Mongolia to Czechia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 18.6 | 18 | 0.607 |
| 2022 | 18.8 | 17.3 | 1.5 |
| 2023 | 22.7 | 21.3 | 1.4 |
| 2024 | 39.3 | 38.1 | 1.1 |
| 2025 | 47.8 | 45.6 | 2.2 |
Connections between people
The educational agreement seeks to expand opportunities for Mongolian students at Czech universities. The visit included a musical cultural activity; both initiatives are distinct from a count of students or migrants. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Czechia living in Mongolia | ||
| Residents from Mongolia living in Czechia | ||
| Study and training: Czechia in Mongolia | ||
| Study and training: Mongolia in Czechia | ||
| Academic stays: Czechia in Mongolia | ||
| Academic stays: Mongolia in Czechia | ||
| Travel: Czechia to Mongolia | ||
| Travel: Mongolia to Czechia |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Czechia is 391 billion USD (2025), compared with 25.4 for Mongolia (2025). The reference populations are 10.89 and 3.57 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Czechia was 15.41 times that of Mongolia in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Bilateral context
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh's visit to Czechia took place from 9 to 12 March 2025, in the year of the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations. The Mongolian president met with Petr Pavel, Prime Minister Petr Fiala and parliamentary representatives. [1]
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The foreign ministers signed a comprehensive partnership declaration. The visit also included a police cooperation agreement on criminology and organized crime, an education agreement, an agricultural memorandum and an instrument to protect the critically endangered wild Bactrian camel. These documents are described as signed; the news item does not provide all their dates of entry into force. A business forum brought together more than a hundred participants and there was a concert by the Morin Khuur orchestra. Attendance at that forum is not converted into contracts or investments made. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Czechia and Mongolia) totalled 47.8 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 45.6 million; those in the opposite direction, 2.2 million. The difference between the two flows was 43.4 million, in favour of Czechia. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Czechia to the partner represented 0.0162% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 18.6 million USD in 2021 and 47.8 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +157.2 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2025, at 47.8 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Czechia to Mongolia, at 6.2 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Mongolia to Czechia, at 0.000686 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Milestones and consequences
- 2025-03-09
Start of the Mongolian state visit
The four-day visit included political meetings and the signing of sectoral cooperation instruments. [1]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — CZE-MNG
mzv.gov.cz · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.