China and Mexico
Trade and industrial activity coexist with diplomatic contacts and technology cooperation. Mexico also seeks agri-food opportunities in the Chinese market. The 2026 meetings identify specific sectors; they do not constitute a general free trade agreement.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-07 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-07The February 2026 Mexican visit
Foreign affairs and economy officials visited Beijing from 8 to 10 February.
Innovation, health and water management
The Mexican review highlights technological innovation, public health and smart water management among the areas of cooperation.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 109,288.44 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN |
| Goods: China to Mexico | 89,190.2 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN |
| Goods: Mexico to China | 20,098.24 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: China to Mexico | 2.36 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN |
| Export share: Mexico to China | ||
| Investment stock: China in Mexico | ||
| Investment stock: Mexico in China |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN · Goods; full year; CHN reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: China to Mexico
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN · Goods; full year; CHN reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: Mexico to China
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN · Goods; full year; CHN reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Export share: China to Mexico
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CHN · Goods share: CHN exports to the partner / the same reporter's exports to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Year-on-year inflation: different periods or frequencies; the two figures are not directly comparable.
| Indicator | China | Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 19.5 trillion USD2025 · WB | 1.83 trillion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 13,861.97 USD2025 · WB | 13,889.23 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 4.96 %2025 · WB | 0.56 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 1.4 %2026-09-24 · PBoC | 6.5 %2026-09-24 · Banxico |
| Inflation · annual average | 0.06 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 3.81 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 0.8 %Year-on-year · Aug. 2026 · NBS China | 3.42 %Year-on-year · first fortnight of Sept. 2026 · INEGI |
| Unemployment | 4.62 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 2.67 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -7.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -4.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 99.2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 61.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 3.77 %2025 · WB | -0.45 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 1,406,585,0002025 · WB | 131,946,9002025 · WB |
| Area | 9,562,910 km²2023 · BM / FAO | 1,957,194 km²2023 · BM / FAO |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDChina: 2025 · World BankMexico: 2025 · World Bank
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personChina: 2025 · World BankMexico: 2025 · World Bank
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)China: 2025 · World BankMexico: 2025 · World Bank
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)China: 2026-09-24 · PBoC: 7-day reverse repo · People’s Bank of China · Published: 2026-09-24 · Rate of the official operation consulted, not the mortgage LPR or the PSL lending rate. Subsequent operations with zero volume are not converted into a 0% interest rate.Mexico: 2026-09-24 · Overnight interbank rate target · Bank of Mexico
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)China: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World BankMexico: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World Bank
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedChina: 2026-08 · Headline CPI change relative to the same month of the previous year (%) · National Bureau of Statistics of China · Published: 2026-09-09 · National headline year-on-year CPI, not monthly inflation or an annual average.Mexico: 2026-09-Q1 · Headline CPI change relative to the same fortnight of the previous year (%) · INEGI · Published: 2026-09-24 · First fortnight of September relative to the same fortnight of 2025; not full-month September CPI or the 0.33% fortnightly change. The monthly September figure had not yet been published on the review date.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionChina: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Mexico: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)China: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Mexico: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)China: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Mexico: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPChina: 2025 · World BankMexico: 2025 · World Bank
- Population
- PeopleChina: 2025 · World BankMexico: 2025 · World Bank
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceChina: 2023 · Total area including inland waters; territorial coverage of the source · World Bank · FAOMexico: 2023 · Total area including inland waters; territorial coverage of the source · World Bank · FAO
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
China to Mexico
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 24,440.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 16,128 M USD2025 · Source |
| Land vehicles and components | 13,908.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 455.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 94.2 M USD2025 · Source |
Mexico to China
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 3,897.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 2,966.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Land vehicles and components | 983.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 420.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 27.7 M USD2025 · Source |
Connections between people
Education, work, visits and community connections have their own records and procedures. Residents are not equivalent to annual arrivals, and visits may be repeated. The tables retain dates, definitions and sources to distinguish these connections from business contracts and government decisions. [2]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from China living in Mexico | ||
| Residents from Mexico living in China | ||
| Study and training: China in Mexico | ||
| Study and training: Mexico in China | ||
| Academic stays: China in Mexico | ||
| Academic stays: Mexico in China | ||
| Travel: China to Mexico | ||
| Travel: Mexico to China |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The February 2026 Mexican visit
Foreign affairs and economy officials visited Beijing from 8 to 10 February. The agenda included political and economic dialogue with Chinese authorities. Institutions with different responsibilities participated, allowing industry and diplomacy to be addressed through their own channels. The visit documents dialogue and working issues, not liberalisation of all exchanges or a guarantee that every project will be delivered. [1]
Innovation, health and water management
The Mexican review highlights technological innovation, public health and smart water management among the areas of cooperation. This is a sectoral agenda relevant to businesses and administrations, distinct from imports of finished goods. Specific agreements and results are needed to establish implementation. Goods data reveal another dimension of the relationship and do not by themselves indicate actual knowledge transfer. [1]
Agri-food access and requirements
The 2026 Agriculture meeting addresses technology, sustainability and agri-food opportunities. The statement identifies China as the ninth destination for Mexican agri-food exports in 2025. That position applies to a sector and period, not total trade. Product protocols and controls remain relevant; cooperation does not grant automatic access to every food product. [2]
The scale of the two economies
China recorded nominal GDP of 19,498 billion USD in 2025, compared with 1,832.6 in 2025 for Mexico. The reference populations were 1,406.59 million (2025) and 131.95 million (2025), respectively. In the same year, China's nominal GDP was 10.64 times Mexico's. These figures contextualise market size; they do not by themselves describe well-being, individual wealth or political influence. IMF estimates or population extrapolations retain their labels in the table. No ratio is calculated when periods do not match. [4] [5]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Reviewed: 2026-10-07
Two working channels during 2026
The February contacts and subsequent agricultural meeting show complementary agendas. One combines politics and industry; the other addresses food chains and technology. Stated priorities do not become completed sales without records. The table allows goods trade in both directions to be compared, with an explicit year and reporter, rather than inferring the economic balance from a diplomatic announcement. [1] [2]
Observed economic exchange
In 2025, recorded goods trade between China and Mexico totalled 109,288.4 million USD. Shipments from China to Mexico were 89,190.2 million USD; those in the reverse direction were 20,098.2 million USD. China's shipments to the partner represented 2.36% of its goods exports to the world, using the same year and reporter. A single customs reporting source is used for both directions. This annual flow does not include all services activity or affiliates' local sales and is not added to accumulated investment capital. [3]
Milestones and consequences
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Each figure retains its period, unit, definition and source. Announcements, contracts and results are not interchangeable. Empty cells do not mean zero. Customs data for 2025 are not presented as activity observed during later crises.
- Mexican working visit to Beijing
Mexico's Secretariat of Foreign Affairs · Institutional source · Document: 2026-02-12 · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Agri-food cooperation
Mexico's Secretariat of Agriculture · Institutional source · Document: 2026 · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 156; partners 0,826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410
UN Comtrade / CHN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
- HS2 27; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / CHN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 30; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / CHN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 84; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / CHN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 85; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / CHN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 87; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / CHN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade / CHN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 27; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / CHN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 85; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / CHN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 84; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / CHN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 87; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / CHN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 30; 2025; reporter 156; partners 826,380,124,484,76,32,710,231,364,818,784,410; X/M; annual goods.