Greece and Bosnia & Herzegovina
Greece and Bosnia and Herzegovina maintain diplomatic, economic and regional cooperation ties. Greek support for Bosnia's European integration and transfer of administrative experience are specific issues in the relationship, alongside trade, energy, tourism and transport.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Greece and Bosnia and Herzegovina totaled 84.3 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina, at 2.9 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 84.3 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina | 67.07 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece | 17.23 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0.124 % | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece | ||
| Investment stock: Greece in Bosnia & Herzegovina | ||
| Investment stock: Bosnia & Herzegovina in Greece |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter GRC. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter GRC. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter GRC. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Greece | Bosnia & Herzegovina |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 280.64 billion USD2025 · WB | 32.6 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 26,948.01 USD2025 · WB | 10,381.85 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 2.07 %2025 · WB | 2.13 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 2.5 %2026-09-16 · BCE | |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.48 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 6.11 %Annual average · 2023 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 3.8 %Headline CPI · 2026-08 · year-on-year · ELSTAT | |
| Unemployment | 8.54 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 11.04 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | 1.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -2.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 145.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 29.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -7.11 %2024 · WB | -3.14 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 10,413,9622025 · WB | 3,140,0952025 · WB |
| Area | 131,960 km²2023 · WB | 51,210 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Greece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Greece: 2026-09-16 · ECB: deposit facility; shared euro-area rate · European Central Bank · Greece shares the ECB's monetary policy. Same instrument and date as Spain.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Greece: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2023 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedGreece: 2026-08 · National headline CPI, change from the same month of the previous year · ELSTAT · Published: 2026-09-09 · Official monthly data. Not mixed with the annual average. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-07
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionGreece: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Greece: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Greece: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPGreece: 2024 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeopleGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query. Extrapolated assuming the same growth rate as the previous 6 months.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceGreece: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Bosnia & Herzegovina: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 2.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 2.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 1.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 1.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.648 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.447 M USD2025 · Source |
Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 1.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 0.154 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 0.0324 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.000116 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Millions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina | Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 62.3 | 48.4 | 13.9 |
| 2022 | 70.3 | 56.9 | 13.4 |
| 2023 | 73.3 | 60.4 | 12.9 |
| 2024 | 93.3 | 78.5 | 14.8 |
| 2025 | 84.3 | 67.1 | 17.2 |
Connections between people
Its embassy in Sarajevo was established in 1996 and has consular, economic and trade functions and defense representation. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Greece living in Bosnia & Herzegovina | ||
| Residents from Bosnia & Herzegovina living in Greece | ||
| Study and training: Greece in Bosnia & Herzegovina | ||
| Study and training: Bosnia & Herzegovina in Greece | ||
| Academic stays: Greece in Bosnia & Herzegovina | ||
| Academic stays: Bosnia & Herzegovina in Greece | ||
| Travel: Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina | ||
| Travel: Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Bilateral context
Greece recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 1992. Its embassy in Sarajevo was established in 1996 and has consular, economic and trade functions and defense representation. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Greece is 280.6 billion USD (2025), compared with 32.6 for Bosnia & Herzegovina (2025). The reference populations are 10.41 and 3.14 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Greece was 8.61 times that of Bosnia & Herzegovina in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The Bosnian embassy in Greece has operated since 1998. In 2013 both countries signed a memorandum to provide experience for Bosnia and Herzegovina's integration process into the European Union. Support for that process does not mean Bosnia is already an EU or NATO member. Both participate in the South-East European Cooperation Process and the Regional Cooperation Council, whose secretariat is in Sarajevo. The official profile identifies trade, tourism, energy and transport as cooperation areas without providing comparable amounts for all of them. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Greece and Bosnia & Herzegovina) totalled 84.3 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 67.1 million; those in the opposite direction, 17.2 million. The difference between the two flows was 49.8 million, in favour of Greece. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Greece to the partner represented 0.124% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 62.3 million USD in 2021 and 84.3 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +35.3 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2024, at 93.3 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Greece to Bosnia & Herzegovina, at 2.9 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Bosnia & Herzegovina to Greece, at 1.1 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Milestones and consequences
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — GRC-BIH
www.mfa.gr · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.