Peru and Brunei
Peru and Brunei expanded dialogue during the sultan’s state visit to Lima in November 2024. The joint declaration combined political consultations, judicial cooperation and trade opportunities through the CPTPP, with educational, energy and agri-food proposals still to develop.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Bilateral context
Dina Boluarte received Hassanal Bolkiah on 12 November 2024, the sultan’s first state visit to Latin America and the Caribbean.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2024, goods trade between Peru and Brunei totalled 4.7 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Brunei to Peru, at 0.0000646 million USD in 2024.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 4.67 M USD | 2024 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Peru to Brunei | 0.0188 M USD | 2024 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Brunei to Peru | 4.65 M USD | 2024 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Peru to Brunei | 0.0000253 % | 2024 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Brunei to Peru | ||
| Investment stock: Peru in Brunei | ||
| Investment stock: Brunei in Peru |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2024 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter PER. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Peru to Brunei
- 2024 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter PER. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Brunei to Peru
- 2024 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter PER. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Peru to Brunei
- 2024 · UN Comtrade · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Peru | Brunei |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 334.85 billion USD2025 · WB | 15.03 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 9,684.41 USD2025 · WB | 32,234.64 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 3.43 %2025 · WB | 0.67 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | ||
| Inflation · annual average | 1.53 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | -0.3 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | ||
| Unemployment | 5.12 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 5.28 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -13.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 30.2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 1.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 3.58 %2025 · WB | 18.01 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 34,576,6652025 · WB | 466,3302025 · WB |
| Area | 1,285,216 km²2023 · WB | 5,770 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDPeru: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personPeru: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Peru: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Peru: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency stated
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionPeru: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Peru: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Brunei: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Peru: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Brunei: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPPeru: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeoplePeru: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourcePeru: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Brunei: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Peru to Brunei
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
Brunei to Peru
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 0.0000646 M USD2024 · Source |
Connections between people
They also proposed dialogue on agri-food products and university ties. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Peru living in Brunei | ||
| Residents from Brunei living in Peru | ||
| Study and training: Peru in Brunei | ||
| Study and training: Brunei in Peru | ||
| Academic stays: Peru in Brunei | ||
| Academic stays: Brunei in Peru | ||
| Travel: Peru to Brunei | ||
| Travel: Brunei to Peru |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Bilateral context
Dina Boluarte received Hassanal Bolkiah on 12 November 2024, the sultan’s first state visit to Latin America and the Caribbean. Diplomatic relations date from 1 June 1990. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Peru is 334.9 billion USD (2025), compared with 15 for Brunei (2025). The reference populations are 34.58 and 0.466 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Peru was 22.28 times that of Brunei in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The leaders welcomed signing of a memorandum establishing bilateral consultations and another on judicial cooperation, oriented towards good practices and visits. Economically, they proposed using the CPTPP and exploring investments: Peru invited participation in logistical and industrial development linked to Callao–Chancay and Brunei offered its position as access to Southeast Asia. They also proposed dialogue on agri-food products and university ties. Boluarte thanked Brunei for support enabling Peru to obtain ASEAN development partner status in January 2024. Investment invitations are not equivalent to awarded projects. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2024, merchandise trade between the two countries (Peru and Brunei) totalled 4.7 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 0.0188 million; those in the opposite direction, 4.7 million. The difference between the two flows was 4.6 million, in favour of Brunei. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Peru to the partner represented 0.0000253% of its worldwide goods exports in 2024. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Brunei to Peru, at 0.0000646 million USD in 2024. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [3]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — PER-BRN
www.gob.pe · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.