Australia and Latvia
Australia and Latvia connect diaspora ties, diplomatic cooperation and social and judicial agreements. The opening of a Latvian embassy in Canberra expanded government contact channels.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08History and institutional framework
Australia recognised the restoration of Latvian independence in August 1991, and both established diplomatic ties that year.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Australia and Latvia totalled 83.9 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Australia to Latvia, at 5.1 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 83.89 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Australia to Latvia | 12.52 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Latvia to Australia | 71.38 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Australia to Latvia | 0.00373 % | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Latvia to Australia | ||
| Investment stock: Australia in Latvia | ||
| Investment stock: Latvia in Australia |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade; reporters ARM, AUS, AZE, BDI, BEL, BFA, BGD · Goods; full calendar year; reporter AUS. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Australia to Latvia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade; reporters ARM, AUS, AZE, BDI, BEL, BFA, BGD · Goods; full calendar year; reporter AUS. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Latvia to Australia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade; reporters ARM, AUS, AZE, BDI, BEL, BFA, BGD · Goods; full calendar year; reporter AUS. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Australia to Latvia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade; reporters ARM, AUS, AZE, BDI, BEL, BFA, BGD · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Australia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 1.8 trillion USD2025 · WB | 48.62 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 65,129.72 USD2025 · WB | 26,311.97 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 1.35 %2025 · WB | 2.14 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 4.6 %2026-09-29 · RBA | |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.87 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 3.75 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 4 %Headline CPI · 2026-08 · year-on-year · ABS | |
| Unemployment | 4.09 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 6.57 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 51 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 46.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -2.68 %2025 · WB | -3.38 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 27,614,4112025 · WB | 1,847,785World Bank est.2025 · WB |
| Area | 7,741,220 km²2023 · WB | 64,590 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Australia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Australia: 2026-09-29 · Cash rate target · RBA · Official central-bank decision; not a commercial lending rate or a bill yield.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Australia: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedAustralia: 2026-08 · National headline CPI, change from the same month of the previous year · ABS · Published: 2026-09-30 · Official monthly data. Not mixed with the annual average. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-07
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionAustralia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Australia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Latvia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Australia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Latvia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeopleAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2025 · World Bank · WB est. · The source indicates an extrapolated population; this is not a census count.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceAustralia: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Latvia: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Australia to Latvia
Latvia to Australia
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 7.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 6.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 3.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 3.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 1.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.158 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Millions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Australia to Latvia | Latvia to Australia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 84.8 | 40.1 | 44.7 |
| 2022 | 103.7 | 47.5 | 56.1 |
| 2023 | 77.7 | 23.8 | 53.9 |
| 2024 | 80 | 20.2 | 59.8 |
| 2025 | 83.9 | 12.5 | 71.4 |
Connections between people
Australia's representation in Sweden promotes cultural activities in Latvia. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Australia living in Latvia | ||
| Residents from Latvia living in Australia | ||
| Study and training: Australia in Latvia | ||
| Study and training: Latvia in Australia | ||
| Academic stays: Australia in Latvia | ||
| Academic stays: Latvia in Australia | ||
| Travel: Australia to Latvia | ||
| Travel: Latvia to Australia |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
History and institutional framework
Australia recognised the restoration of Latvian independence in August 1991, and both established diplomatic ties that year. Relations are supported by trade and economic cooperation agreements from 1993, extradition from 2005 and social security from 2013. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Australia is 1,798.5 billion USD (2025), compared with 48.6 for Latvia (2025). The reference populations are 27.61 and 1.85 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Australia was 36.99 times that of Latvia in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
Latvia opened its Canberra embassy on 3 August 2022; that year Penny Wong met Edgars Rinkēvičs in Australia and Anthony Albanese met Egils Levits during the NATO summit in Madrid. Australia's representation in Sweden promotes cultural activities in Latvia. References to Estonia appearing erroneously in the profile are omitted. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Australia and Latvia) totalled 83.9 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 12.5 million; those in the opposite direction, 71.4 million. The difference between the two flows was 58.9 million, in favour of Latvia. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Australia to the partner represented 0.00373% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 84.8 million USD in 2021 and 83.9 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was -1.1 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2022, at 103.7 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Australia to Latvia, at 5.1 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Latvia to Australia, at 7.2 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — AUS-LVA
Australia DFAT · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade; reporters ARM, AUS, AZE, BDI, BEL, BFA, BGD · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / AUS · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade; reporters AUS, AUT · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade; reporters AUS, AUT
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.