India and Brunei
India and Brunei connect energy, space cooperation and human contacts. Defense and education instruments complement trade.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08History and institutional framework
Relations were established on 10 May 1984, following Brunei's independence.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between India and Brunei totalled 323.5 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, vehicles and components stands out in shipments from India to Brunei, at 23.5 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 323.48 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Goods: India to Brunei | 56.63 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Goods: Brunei to India | 266.85 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: India to Brunei | 0.0127 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Export share: Brunei to India | ||
| Investment stock: India in Brunei | ||
| Investment stock: Brunei in India |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: India to Brunei
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: Brunei to India
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Export share: India to Brunei
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods share: IND exports to the partner / the same reporter's exports to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | India | Brunei |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 3.96 trillion USD2025 · WB | 15.03 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 2,702.48 USD2025 · WB | 32,234.64 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 7.57 %2025 · WB | 0.67 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 5.25 %2026-10-06 · RBI | |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.4 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | -0.3 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 4.82 %provisionalprovisionalYear-on-year · Aug. 2026 · MoSPI | |
| Unemployment | 4.22 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 5.28 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -7.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -13.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 84.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 1.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.42 %2025 · WB | 18.01 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 1,463,865,5252025 · WB | 466,3302025 · WB |
| Area | 3,287,260 km²2023 · BM / FAO | 5,770 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDIndia: 2025 · World BankBrunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personIndia: 2025 · World BankBrunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)India: 2025 · World BankBrunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)India: 2026-10-06 · RBI policy repo rate · Reserve Bank of India (RBI) · Access date for Current Rates; does not represent a new decision on 6 October. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-06
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)India: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World BankBrunei: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedIndia: 2026-08 · Headline CPI change relative to the same month of the previous year (%) · MoSPI / Press Information Bureau, Government of India · Published: 2026-09-14 · provisional · Provisional · Combined rural and urban headline CPI, 2024 base; provisional MoSPI figure. Not food or wholesale inflation. Provisional figure or official advance release; subject to revision.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionIndia: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Brunei: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)India: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Brunei: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)India: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Brunei: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPIndia: 2025 · World BankBrunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeopleIndia: 2025 · World BankBrunei: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceIndia: 2023 · Total area including inland waters; territorial coverage of the source · World Bank · FAOBrunei: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
India to Brunei
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Vehicles and components | 23.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 9.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 2.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 1.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.313 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.155 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0.0487 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 0.0000209 M USD2025 · Source |
Brunei to India
How trade has changed
Millions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | India to Brunei | Brunei to India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 521.3 | 48.5 | 472.8 |
| 2022 | 386.1 | 68.8 | 317.3 |
| 2023 | 195.3 | 66.9 | 128.4 |
| 2024 | 329.5 | 59.6 | 269.9 |
| 2025 | 323.5 | 56.6 | 266.8 |
Connections between people
Contacts between people and relations between governments are distinct dimensions. Published counts appear in the table with their date and definition; a resident community is not inferred from trade or diplomatic representation. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from India living in Brunei | ||
| Residents from Brunei living in India | ||
| Study and training: India in Brunei | ||
| Study and training: Brunei in India | ||
| Academic stays: India in Brunei | ||
| Academic stays: Brunei in India | ||
| Travel: India to Brunei | ||
| Travel: Brunei to India |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
History and institutional framework
Relations were established on 10 May 1984, following Brunei's independence. The 2016 defense cooperation memorandum was renewed in 2021; that sectoral framework does not constitute an automatic mutual defense obligation. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for India is 3,956.1 billion USD (2025), compared with 15 for Brunei (2025). The reference populations are 1,463.87 and 0.466 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of India was 263.18 times that of Brunei in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
Defense and education instruments complement trade. [1]
A space station and maritime cooperation
The August 1997 agreement allowed an ISRO telemetry, tracking and command station to be established in Brunei in 2000. The 2024 profile describes it as operational and records a July 2018 memorandum. Defense cooperation includes training, ship visits and exercises: INS Shivalik and INS Kadmatt took part in a passage exercise with Brunei in August 2021. That same year, INS Jalashwa transported pandemic assistance donated by the Indian community to India. These are specific activities, distinct from a mutual defense alliance. [1]
Health, training and professional community
The first health working group met virtually on 23 June 2021 and addressed pharmaceuticals, training and personnel. The profile identifies Indian doctors, nurses, teachers, engineers and IT professionals in Brunei. Associations in Bandar Seri Begawan and Belait organize cultural and welfare activities, such as blood donations and medical events. The Indian Chamber of Commerce was established in July 1972. These institutions allow human ties to be described without turning a community estimate lacking a precise date into a current census figure. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (India and Brunei) totalled 323.5 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 56.6 million; those in the opposite direction, 266.8 million. The difference between the two flows was 210.2 million, in favour of Brunei. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from India to the partner represented 0.0127% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 521.3 million USD in 2021 and 323.5 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was -37.9 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2021, at 521.3 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, vehicles and components stands out in shipments from India to Brunei, at 23.5 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Brunei to India, at 211.3 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — IND-BRN
Ministry of External Affairs of India · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 699; partners 0,8,24,48,52,112,56,68,96,108,116,120,148,152,188,196,208,212,214,222,226,232,748,242,266,270,268,288,300,308,320,348,352,384,388,428,422,426,430,440,442,454,480,498,492,499,504,508,520,528,554,558,566,512,275,591,600,604,608,634,642,646,686,705,706,834,776,804,860,894
UN Comtrade / IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade; reporters IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade; reporters IND
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.