India and Greece
India and Greece connect connectivity, the economy and security cooperation. Political contacts position Greece as an access channel to European markets.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08History and institutional framework
Diplomatic relations began in May 1950; Greece opened its New Delhi embassy then and India its Athens embassy in 1978.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between India and Greece totalled 1,326.1 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from India to Greece, at 148.3 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 1,326.06 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Goods: India to Greece | 1,100.35 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Goods: Greece to India | 225.71 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: India to Greece | 0.247 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Export share: Greece to India | ||
| Investment stock: India in Greece | ||
| Investment stock: Greece in India |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: India to Greece
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: Greece to India
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Export share: India to Greece
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods share: IND exports to the partner / the same reporter's exports to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | India | Greece |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 3.96 trillion USD2025 · WB | 280.64 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 2,702.48 USD2025 · WB | 26,948.01 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 7.57 %2025 · WB | 2.07 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 5.25 %2026-10-06 · RBI | 2.5 %2026-09-16 · BCE |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.4 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 2.48 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 4.82 %provisionalprovisionalYear-on-year · Aug. 2026 · MoSPI | 3.8 %Headline CPI · 2026-08 · year-on-year · ELSTAT |
| Unemployment | 4.22 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 8.54 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -7.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 1.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 84.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 145.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.42 %2025 · WB | -7.11 %2024 · WB |
| Population | 1,463,865,5252025 · WB | 10,413,9622025 · WB |
| Area | 3,287,260 km²2023 · BM / FAO | 131,960 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDIndia: 2025 · World BankGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personIndia: 2025 · World BankGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)India: 2025 · World BankGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)India: 2026-10-06 · RBI policy repo rate · Reserve Bank of India (RBI) · Access date for Current Rates; does not represent a new decision on 6 October. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-06Greece: 2026-09-16 · ECB: deposit facility; shared euro-area rate · European Central Bank · Greece shares the ECB's monetary policy. Same instrument and date as Spain.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)India: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World BankGreece: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedIndia: 2026-08 · Headline CPI change relative to the same month of the previous year (%) · MoSPI / Press Information Bureau, Government of India · Published: 2026-09-14 · provisional · Provisional · Combined rural and urban headline CPI, 2024 base; provisional MoSPI figure. Not food or wholesale inflation. Provisional figure or official advance release; subject to revision.Greece: 2026-08 · National headline CPI, change from the same month of the previous year · ELSTAT · Published: 2026-09-09 · Official monthly data. Not mixed with the annual average. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-07
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionIndia: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Greece: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)India: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Greece: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)India: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Greece: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPIndia: 2025 · World BankGreece: 2024 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Population
- PeopleIndia: 2025 · World BankGreece: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query. Extrapolated assuming the same growth rate as the previous 6 months.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceIndia: 2023 · Total area including inland waters; territorial coverage of the source · World Bank · FAOGreece: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
India to Greece
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 148.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 52.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 32.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 18 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 2.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0.0609 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.0436 M USD2025 · Source |
Greece to India
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 9.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 4.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 4.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 2.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.345 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.291 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0.107 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | India to Greece | Greece to India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1,243.4 | 951.6 | 291.8 |
| 2022 | 1,452.1 | 838.5 | 613.5 |
| 2023 | 1,575.2 | 843.3 | 731.9 |
| 2024 | 1,344 | 1,170.5 | 173.6 |
| 2025 | 1,326.1 | 1,100.4 | 225.7 |
Connections between people
Contacts between people and relations between governments are distinct dimensions. Published counts appear in the table with their date and definition; a resident community is not inferred from trade or diplomatic representation. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from India living in Greece | ||
| Residents from Greece living in India | ||
| Study and training: India in Greece | ||
| Study and training: Greece in India | ||
| Academic stays: India in Greece | ||
| Academic stays: Greece in India | ||
| Travel: India to Greece | ||
| Travel: Greece to India |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
History and institutional framework
Diplomatic relations began in May 1950; Greece opened its New Delhi embassy then and India its Athens embassy in 1978. Modi's visit on 25 August 2023 upgraded relations to a strategic partnership and agreed national security officials' dialogue. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for India is 3,956.1 billion USD (2025), compared with 280.6 for Greece (2025). The reference populations are 1,463.87 and 10.41 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of India was 14.1 times that of Greece in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The eighth economic commission was held in Athens in April 2022, and foreign ministry consultations reached their thirteenth round in June 2023. The 1998 defence memorandum provides a sectoral mechanism, with July 2024 talks. Mitsotakis visits and Raisina contacts complement cooperation in trade, connectivity and international matters. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (India and Greece) totalled 1,326.1 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 1,100.4 million; those in the opposite direction, 225.7 million. The difference between the two flows was 874.6 million, in favour of India. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from India to the partner represented 0.247% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 1,243.4 million USD in 2021 and 1,326.1 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +6.6 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2023, at 1,575.2 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from India to Greece, at 148.3 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Greece to India, at 9.4 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Milestones and consequences
- 2023-08-25
Strategic partnership
The prime minister's visit expanded the political, economic and security framework. [1]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — IND-GRC
Ministry of External Affairs of India · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 699; partners 0,8,24,48,52,112,56,68,96,108,116,120,148,152,188,196,208,212,214,222,226,232,748,242,266,270,268,288,300,308,320,348,352,384,388,428,422,426,430,440,442,454,480,498,492,499,504,508,520,528,554,558,566,512,275,591,600,604,608,634,642,646,686,705,706,834,776,804,860,894
UN Comtrade / IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade; reporters IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade; reporters IND
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.