India and Nigeria
India and Nigeria connect business, health and South–South cooperation. Political contacts and joint commissions accompany decades-long economic ties.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08History and institutional framework
India opened representation in Lagos in November 1958, before Nigerian independence.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between India and Nigeria totalled 8,901.7 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, pharmaceutical products stands out in shipments from India to Nigeria, at 636.6 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 8,901.71 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Goods: India to Nigeria | 3,161.17 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Goods: Nigeria to India | 5,740.54 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: India to Nigeria | 0.709 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND |
| Export share: Nigeria to India | ||
| Investment stock: India in Nigeria | ||
| Investment stock: Nigeria in India |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: India to Nigeria
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Goods: Nigeria to India
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods; full year; IND reporter. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. No addition of mirror reports.
- Export share: India to Nigeria
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IND · Goods share: IND exports to the partner / the same reporter's exports to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | India | Nigeria |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 3.96 trillion USD2025 · WB | 290.79 billion USD2025 · World Bank |
| GDP per capita | 2,702.48 USD2025 · WB | 1,224.25 USD2025 · World Bank |
| GDP growth | 7.57 %2025 · WB | 4.01 %2025 · World Bank |
| Policy interest rate | 5.25 %2026-10-06 · RBI | |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.4 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 23.01 %Annual average · 2025 · World Bank |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 4.82 %provisionalprovisionalYear-on-year · Aug. 2026 · MoSPI | |
| Unemployment | 4.22 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 3.06 %ILO est.2025 · World Bank |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -7.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -1.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 84.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 35.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.42 %2025 · WB | 4.83 %2025 · World Bank |
| Population | 1,463,865,5252025 · WB | 237,527,7822025 · World Bank |
| Area | 3,287,260 km²2023 · BM / FAO | 923,770 km²2023 · World Bank |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDIndia: 2025 · World BankNigeria: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personIndia: 2025 · World BankNigeria: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)India: 2025 · World BankNigeria: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)India: 2026-10-06 · RBI policy repo rate · Reserve Bank of India (RBI) · Access date for Current Rates; does not represent a new decision on 6 October. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-06
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)India: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World BankNigeria: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedIndia: 2026-08 · Headline CPI change relative to the same month of the previous year (%) · MoSPI / Press Information Bureau, Government of India · Published: 2026-09-14 · provisional · Provisional · Combined rural and urban headline CPI, 2024 base; provisional MoSPI figure. Not food or wholesale inflation. Provisional figure or official advance release; subject to revision.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionIndia: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Nigeria: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)India: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Nigeria: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)India: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Nigeria: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPIndia: 2025 · World BankNigeria: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Population
- PeopleIndia: 2025 · World BankNigeria: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceIndia: 2023 · Total area including inland waters; territorial coverage of the source · World Bank · FAONigeria: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
India to Nigeria
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Pharmaceutical products | 636.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 453.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 362 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 233.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 44.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 1.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0.231 M USD2025 · Source |
Nigeria to India
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels and oils | 5,138.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 1.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 0.398 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 0.0922 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.00294 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.000701 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | India to Nigeria | Nigeria to India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 13,681 | 4,523.1 | 9,157.9 |
| 2022 | 14,096.1 | 5,340.1 | 8,756 |
| 2023 | 7,450.4 | 3,958.5 | 3,491.9 |
| 2024 | 8,066.8 | 2,843.8 | 5,223.1 |
| 2025 | 8,901.7 | 3,161.2 | 5,740.5 |
Connections between people
Nehru's September 1962 visit and later presidential contacts consolidated ties. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from India living in Nigeria | ||
| Residents from Nigeria living in India | ||
| Study and training: India in Nigeria | ||
| Study and training: Nigeria in India | ||
| Academic stays: India in Nigeria | ||
| Academic stays: Nigeria in India | ||
| Travel: India to Nigeria | ||
| Travel: Nigeria to India |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
History and institutional framework
India opened representation in Lagos in November 1958, before Nigerian independence. Nehru's September 1962 visit and later presidential contacts consolidated ties. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for India is 3,956.1 billion USD (2025), compared with 290.8 for Nigeria (2025). The reference populations are 1,463.87 and 237.53 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of India was 13.6 times that of Nigeria in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The October 2007 Abuja Declaration upgraded relations to a strategic partnership. A Nigeria–India business council was inaugurated in August 2022, and the sixth joint commission was held in Abuja in January 2024. Bola Tinubu's visit to the September 2023 G20 included a bilateral meeting. Both maintain coordination in the United Nations, Group of 77 and Non-Aligned Movement, alongside healthcare, business and defence contacts. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (India and Nigeria) totalled 8,901.7 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 3,161.2 million; those in the opposite direction, 5,740.5 million. The difference between the two flows was 2,579.4 million, in favour of Nigeria. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from India to the partner represented 0.709% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 13,681 million USD in 2021 and 8,901.7 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was -34.9 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2022, at 14,096.1 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, pharmaceutical products stands out in shipments from India to Nigeria, at 636.6 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Nigeria to India, at 5,138.4 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — IND-NGA
Ministry of External Affairs of India · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 699; partners 0,8,24,48,52,112,56,68,96,108,116,120,148,152,188,196,208,212,214,222,226,232,748,242,266,270,268,288,300,308,320,348,352,384,388,428,422,426,430,440,442,454,480,498,492,499,504,508,520,528,554,558,566,512,275,591,600,604,608,634,642,646,686,705,706,834,776,804,860,894
UN Comtrade / IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade; reporters IND · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
- SP.POP.TOTL; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade; reporters IND
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.