Israel and Jordan
The peace treaty, border and water link Israel and Jordan, alongside tensions over Palestine. Historical resource obligations do not amount to a political relationship without disagreements. New water and energy projects have their own decisions, distinct from the treaty.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-07 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-07The 1994 peace treaty
The text signed on 26 October 1994 includes water provisions alongside normalization.
Shared resources and technical conditions
Water provisions distinguish sources, seasons and transmission capacity.
Regional position of September 2026
Jordan participated in the eight ministers' declaration on Palestine published in September.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 637.23 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR |
| Goods: Israel to Jordan | 96.49 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR |
| Goods: Jordan to Israel | 540.74 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Israel to Jordan | 0.16 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR |
| Export share: Jordan to Israel | ||
| Investment stock: Israel in Jordan | ||
| Investment stock: Jordan in Israel |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR · Goods; full year; reporting country ISR. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Israel to Jordan
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR · Goods; full year; reporting country ISR. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Jordan to Israel
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR · Goods; full year; reporting country ISR. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Export share: Israel to Jordan
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / ISR · Goods share: ISR exports to the partner / exports by the same reporting country to the world, in the same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Israel | Jordan |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 610.78 billion USD2025 · WB | 61.61 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 60,336.85 USD2025 · WB | 5,347.78 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 2.93 %2025 · WB | 2.83 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 3.25 %2026-09-01 · BoI | |
| Inflation · annual average | 3.04 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 1.77 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 1.5 %Year-on-year · Aug. 2026 · CBS Israel | |
| Unemployment | 3.49 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 16.54 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -5.2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -6.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 68.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 82.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 1.4 %2025 · WB | -5.33 %2024 · WB |
| Population | 10,122,8002025 · WB | 11,520,6842025 · WB |
| Area | 22,070 km²2023 · WB | 89,318 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDIsrael: 2025 · World BankJordan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personIsrael: 2025 · World BankJordan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Israel: 2025 · World BankJordan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Israel: 2026-09-01 · Bank of Israel official interest rate · Bank of Israel · Published: 2026-09-01 · Monetary Committee decision of 1 September 2026; next decision announced for 21 October.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Israel: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World BankJordan: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedIsrael: 2026-08 · Change in headline CPI against the same month of the previous year (%) · Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics · Published: 2026-09-15 · Column relative to August 2025: 1.5%. Not the monthly increase (0.7%) or cumulative increase since December 2025 (2.1%).
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionIsrael: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Jordan: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Israel: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Jordan: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Israel: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Jordan: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPIsrael: 2025 · World BankJordan: 2024 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Population
- PeopleIsrael: 2025 · World BankJordan: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceIsrael: 2023 · Area according to the series' coverage; does not determine sovereignty or effective control · World BankJordan: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Israel to Jordan
Jordan to Israel
Connections between people
Education, work, visits and community connections have their own records and procedures. Residents are not equivalent to annual arrivals, and visits may be repeated. The tables retain dates, definitions and sources to distinguish these connections from business contracts and government decisions. [2]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Israel living in Jordan | ||
| Residents from Jordan living in Israel | ||
| Study and training: Israel in Jordan | ||
| Study and training: Jordan in Israel | ||
| Academic stays: Israel in Jordan | ||
| Academic stays: Jordan in Israel | ||
| Travel: Israel to Jordan | ||
| Travel: Jordan to Israel |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The 1994 peace treaty
The text signed on 26 October 1994 includes water provisions alongside normalization. The excerpt reproduced by National Academies reveals original quantities and conditions. It is a legal precedent, not an updated record of every delivery. Treaty rules and subsequent decisions on new projects must be examined separately. [1]
Shared resources and technical conditions
Water provisions distinguish sources, seasons and transmission capacity. An agreed volume and an actually supplied volume are different measures. Treatment and infrastructure need their own operation and records. Treaty figures are not entered as observed annual supply for 2025 without a comparable implementation source; nor are they added to customs goods. [1]
The water–energy project and Gaza
In November 2023, the Jordanian minister declared that he would not sign the energy-for-water exchange project in the context of the Gaza war. That project decision does not automatically amount to annulment of all peace treaty obligations. The date and issuer are retained without extending it as verification of every subsequent negotiation. [2]
The scale of the two economies
Israel recorded nominal GDP of USD 610.8 billion in 2025, compared with 61.6 in 2025 for Jordan. The reference populations were 10.12 million (2025) and 11.52 million (2025), respectively. In the same year, Israel's nominal GDP was 9.91 times Jordan's. The figures contextualize market size; they do not in themselves describe well-being, individual wealth or political influence. IMF estimates or demographic extrapolations retain their markings in the table. A ratio is not calculated when the periods do not match. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Reviewed: 2026-10-07
Regional position of September 2026
Jordan participated in the eight ministers' declaration on Palestine published in September. It is a multilateral document, distinct from the historical bilateral agreement and a measurement of supplies. Economic exchanges may continue amid diplomatic disagreements. The profile distinguishes material cooperation, formal instruments and current positions to avoid presenting the treaty as proof of general political closeness. [3]
Observed economic exchange
In 2025, recorded goods trade between Israel and Jordan totaled USD 637.2 million. Shipments from Israel to Jordan were 96.5 million USD; those in the opposite direction were 540.7 million USD. Israel's shipments to the partner represented 0.16 % of its goods exports to the world, using the same year and reporting country. A single customs declaration is used for both directions. This annual flow does not include all services activity or subsidiaries' local sales and is not added to accumulated investment capital. [4]
Milestones and consequences
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Each figure retains its period, unit, definition and source. Announcements, contracts and results are not interchangeable. Empty cells do not mean zero. Customs data for 2025 are not presented as activity observed during later crises.
- Water provisions of the 1994 peace treaty
National Academies / reproduction of the treaty text · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Jordanian position on the water–energy project
Jordanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs · Institutional source · Document: 2023-11-16 · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Eight ministers' declaration on Palestine
Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs / joint statement · Institutional source · Document: 2026-09-09 · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 376; partners 0,818,400
UN Comtrade / ISR · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 27; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / ISR · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 84; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / ISR · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 85; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / ISR · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 87; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / ISR · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade / ISR
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 27; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / ISR
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 87; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / ISR
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 85; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / ISR
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 84; 2025; reporter 376; partners 818,400; X/M; annual goods.