Italy and Iran
Relations between Italy and Iran are shaped by concerns about repression and European restrictive measures. In January 2026, Italy supported new sanctions and promoted discussion of including the Revolutionary Guard on the European terrorist list.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Bilateral context
Antonio Tajani participated in the EU Foreign Affairs Council announced on 28 January 2026.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Italy and Iran totalled 653.5 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Italy to Iran, at 222.5 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 653.47 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Italy to Iran | 504.72 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Iran to Italy | 148.75 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Italy to Iran | 0.0694 % | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Iran to Italy | ||
| Investment stock: Italy in Iran | ||
| Investment stock: Iran in Italy |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter ITA. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Italy to Iran
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter ITA. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Iran to Italy
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter ITA. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Italy to Iran
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Italy | Iran |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 2.55 trillion USD2025 · WB | 362.68 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 43,308.64 USD2025 · WB | 3,924.38 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 0.54 %2025 · WB | -2.83 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 2.5 %2026-09-16 · BCE | |
| Inflation · annual average | 1.53 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 42.17 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | ||
| Unemployment | 6.39 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 8.3 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -3.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -5.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 137.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 37.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 1.15 %2025 · WB | 0.6 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Population | 58,915,656World Bank est.2025 · WB | 92,417,6812025 · WB |
| Area | 302,070 km²2023 · WB | 1,745,150 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDItaly: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personItaly: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Italy: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Italy: 2026-09-16 · ECB: deposit facility; shared euro-area rate · European Central Bank · ECB deposit facility rate, shared by euro-area members; not an independent national rate.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Italy: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency stated
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionItaly: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Italy: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Iran: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Italy: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.Iran: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPItaly: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate. The annual reference may follow Iran's fiscal calendar.
- Population
- PeopleItaly: 2025 · World Bank · World Bank est. · Extrapolated estimate identified by the World Bank; not a census for the reference year.Iran: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceItaly: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series. Observation year, not download date.Iran: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Italy to Iran
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 222.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 74.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 22.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 1.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 0.619 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.0116 M USD2025 · Source |
Iran to Italy
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Pharmaceutical products | 23.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 7.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.569 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 0.454 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 0.429 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Millions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Italy to Iran | Iran to Italy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 744.3 | 532.7 | 211.6 |
| 2022 | 751.1 | 581.2 | 169.9 |
| 2023 | 809.1 | 646.2 | 162.9 |
| 2024 | 772.2 | 572 | 200.1 |
| 2025 | 653.5 | 504.7 | 148.7 |
Connections between people
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Italy living in Iran | ||
| Residents from Iran living in Italy | ||
| Study and training: Italy in Iran | ||
| Study and training: Iran in Italy | ||
| Academic stays: Italy in Iran | ||
| Academic stays: Iran in Italy | ||
| Travel: Italy to Iran | ||
| Travel: Iran to Italy |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Italy is 2,551.6 billion USD (2025), compared with 362.7 for Iran (2025). The reference populations are 58.92 and 92.42 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Italy was 7.04 times that of Iran in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Bilateral context
Antonio Tajani participated in the EU Foreign Affairs Council announced on 28 January 2026. He reiterated Italian condemnation of violent repression of demonstrations in Iran during the preceding weeks. [1]
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The statement says the Council approved new sanctions against Iran, supported by Italy, and discussed, at Italy’s proposal, including the Revolutionary Guard among EU-designated terrorist organisations. Discussion of this inclusion must not be confused with a designation already adopted at the meeting described. The source places the Iranian issue within a broader European agenda that also addressed Ukraine, Gaza and Syria. The evidence shows diplomatic pressure and support for restrictions, not an announced formal severance of bilateral relations. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Italy and Iran) totalled 653.5 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 504.7 million; those in the opposite direction, 148.7 million. The difference between the two flows was 356 million, in favour of Italy. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Italy to the partner represented 0.0694% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 744.3 million USD in 2021 and 653.5 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was -12.2 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2023, at 809.1 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Italy to Iran, at 222.5 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, pharmaceutical products stands out in shipments from Iran to Italy, at 23.1 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — ITA-IRN
www.esteri.it · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; ISO and reference year; no military dataset expansion
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.