Mexico and Mongolia
Mexico and Mongolia signed a framework to expand technical cooperation and training in June 2026. The instrument identifies climate, food security and digital transformation as priorities and opens opportunities for triangular projects with third partners.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Cooperation and bilateral issues
The instrument seeks to identify shared interests for training, technical exchanges and triangular cooperation.
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The instrument seeks to identify shared interests for training, technical exchanges and triangular cooperation.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | ||
| Goods: Mexico to Mongolia | ||
| Goods: Mongolia to Mexico | ||
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Mexico to Mongolia | ||
| Export share: Mongolia to Mexico | ||
| Investment stock: Mexico in Mongolia | ||
| Investment stock: Mongolia in Mexico |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Mexico | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 1.83 trillion USD2025 · WB | 25.37 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 13,889.23 USD2025 · WB | 7,108.23 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 0.56 %2025 · WB | 6.84 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 6.5 %2026-09-24 · Banxico | |
| Inflation · annual average | 3.81 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 8.61 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 3.42 %Year-on-year · first fortnight of Sept. 2026 · INEGI | |
| Unemployment | 2.67 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 5.23 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -4.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 1.7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 61.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 45.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.45 %2025 · WB | -10.45 %2024 · WB |
| Population | 131,946,9002025 · WB | 3,568,978World Bank est.2025 · WB |
| Area | 1,957,194 km²2023 · BM / FAO | 1,564,116 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDMexico: 2025 · World BankMongolia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personMexico: 2025 · World BankMongolia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Mexico: 2025 · World BankMongolia: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Mexico: 2026-09-24 · Overnight interbank rate target · Bank of Mexico
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Mexico: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World BankMongolia: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedMexico: 2026-09-Q1 · Headline CPI change relative to the same fortnight of the previous year (%) · INEGI · Published: 2026-09-24 · First fortnight of September relative to the same fortnight of 2025; not full-month September CPI or the 0.33% fortnightly change. The monthly September figure had not yet been published on the review date.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionMexico: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Mongolia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Mexico: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Mongolia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Mexico: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Mongolia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPMexico: 2025 · World BankMongolia: 2024 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeopleMexico: 2025 · World BankMongolia: 2025 · World Bank · WB est. · The source indicates an extrapolated population; this is not a census count.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceMexico: 2023 · Total area including inland waters; territorial coverage of the source · World Bank · FAOMongolia: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Mexico to Mongolia
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
Mongolia to Mexico
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
Connections between people
Priorities include climate change, food security, digital transformation, inclusive economic development and institutional strengthening. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Mexico living in Mongolia | ||
| Residents from Mongolia living in Mexico | ||
| Study and training: Mexico in Mongolia | ||
| Study and training: Mongolia in Mexico | ||
| Academic stays: Mexico in Mongolia | ||
| Academic stays: Mongolia in Mexico | ||
| Travel: Mexico to Mongolia | ||
| Travel: Mongolia to Mexico |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Mexico is 1,832.6 billion USD (2025), compared with 25.4 for Mongolia (2025). The reference populations are 131.95 and 3.57 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Mexico was 72.24 times that of Mongolia in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Bilateral context
AMEXCID and Mongolia's embassy signed a memorandum announced on 9 June 2026. The ceremony was led by Alejandra Del Moral and Ambassador Batbayar Ulziidelger. [1]
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The instrument seeks to identify shared interests for training, technical exchanges and triangular cooperation. Priorities include climate change, food security, digital transformation, inclusive economic development and institutional strengthening. The communication recalls more than five decades of diplomatic relations and highlights Mongolia's role in FEALAC, a forum connecting East Asia and Latin America. Mexico linked the agreement to its South–South cooperation experience and the Sustainable Development Goals. The signing establishes a working framework, but does not yet list implemented projects, disbursed budgets or specific third-party participants. [1]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — MEX-MNG
www.gob.mx · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07