Poland and Eritrea
Poland and Eritrea resumed high-level contacts on scientific and economic cooperation. Archaeology and agriculture appear as concrete recent dialogue priorities.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08History and institutional framework
The visit documented on 12 April 2026 included meetings with Eritrea’s foreign and agriculture ministries and a presidential adviser.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Poland and Eritrea totalled 1.1 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Eritrea to Poland, at 0.0802 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 1.08 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL |
| Goods: Poland to Eritrea | 0.484 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL |
| Goods: Eritrea to Poland | 0.597 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Poland to Eritrea | 0.000117 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL |
| Export share: Eritrea to Poland | ||
| Investment stock: Poland in Eritrea | ||
| Investment stock: Eritrea in Poland |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL · Goods; full year; reporter POL. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Poland to Eritrea
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL · Goods; full year; reporter POL. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Eritrea to Poland
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL · Goods; full year; reporter POL. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Export share: Poland to Eritrea
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / POL · Goods share: POL exports to the partner / exports by the same reporter to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Poland | Eritrea |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 1.04 trillion USD2025 · World Bank | |
| GDP per capita | 28,419.58 USD2025 · World Bank | |
| GDP growth | 3.57 %2025 · World Bank | |
| Policy interest rate | ||
| Inflation · annual average | 3.81 %Annual average · 2025 · World Bank | |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | ||
| Unemployment | 2.98 %ILO est.2025 · World Bank | 5.98 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -7 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 58.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.87 %2025 · World Bank | |
| Population | 36,435,8612025 · World Bank | 3,607,0032025 · WB |
| Area | 313,930 km²2023 · World Bank | 121,766 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDPoland: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personPoland: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Poland: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Poland: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency stated
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionPoland: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Eritrea: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Poland: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Poland: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPPoland: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Population
- PeoplePoland: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date. Extrapolated assuming the same growth rate as the previous 6 months.Eritrea: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourcePoland: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Eritrea: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Poland to Eritrea
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
Eritrea to Poland
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 0.0802 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Millions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Poland to Eritrea | Eritrea to Poland |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 0.449 | 0.112 | 0.337 |
| 2022 | 0.343 | 0.0136 | 0.329 |
| 2023 | 0.406 | 0.000589 | 0.405 |
| 2024 | 1 | 0.000105 | 1 |
| 2025 | 1.1 | 0.484 | 0.597 |
Connections between people
The visit documented on 12 April 2026 included meetings with Eritrea’s foreign and agriculture ministries and a presidential adviser. Discussions identified archaeology, science and agriculture as potential work areas. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Poland living in Eritrea | ||
| Residents from Eritrea living in Poland | ||
| Study and training: Poland in Eritrea | ||
| Study and training: Eritrea in Poland | ||
| Academic stays: Poland in Eritrea | ||
| Academic stays: Eritrea in Poland | ||
| Travel: Poland to Eritrea | ||
| Travel: Eritrea to Poland |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
History and institutional framework
The visit documented on 12 April 2026 included meetings with Eritrea’s foreign and agriculture ministries and a presidential adviser. The Polish statement presents these as the first high-level meetings since 1993. [1]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
Discussions identified archaeology, science and agriculture as potential work areas. An agreed priority is not interpreted as a completed archaeological mission or implemented agricultural investments. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Poland and Eritrea) totalled 1.1 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 0.484 million; those in the opposite direction, 0.597 million. The difference between the two flows was 0.113 million, in favour of Eritrea. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Poland to the partner represented 0.000117% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 0.449 million USD in 2021 and 1.1 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +140.8 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2025, at 1.1 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Eritrea to Poland, at 0.0802 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Milestones and consequences
- 2026-04-12
High-level contacts
The Polish statement identified new scientific and agricultural priorities. [1]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — POL-ERI
www.gov.pl · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 616; partners 0,784,8,51,31,44,56,196,208,232,233,268,300,352,372,400,404,414,422,458,470,496,528,554,566,275,702,705,752,764
UN Comtrade / POL · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / POL · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade; reporters POL · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade; reporters POL
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.