Vietnam and Timor-Leste
Vietnam and Timor-Leste are strengthening institutional cooperation and citizen mobility. In June 2026, their authorities highlighted an ordinary-passport visa exemption agreement and Vietnamese support for Timorese integration into ASEAN and parliamentary forums.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Cooperation and bilateral issues
The Vietnamese leader highlighted the signing of an ordinary-passport visa exemption, although the statement does not indicate its entry-into-force date.
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The Vietnamese leader highlighted the signing of an ordinary-passport visa exemption, although the statement does not indicate its entry-into-force date.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | ||
| Goods: Vietnam to Timor-Leste | ||
| Goods: Timor-Leste to Vietnam | ||
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Vietnam to Timor-Leste | ||
| Export share: Timor-Leste to Vietnam | ||
| Investment stock: Vietnam in Timor-Leste | ||
| Investment stock: Timor-Leste in Vietnam |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Vietnam | Timor-Leste |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 514.7 billion USD2025 · World Bank | 1.9 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 5,065.99 USD2025 · World Bank | 1,340.96 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 8.02 %2025 · World Bank | 6.98 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | ||
| Inflation · annual average | 3.31 %Annual average · 2025 · World Bank | 0.43 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | ||
| Unemployment | 1.52 %ILO est.2025 · World Bank | 1.59 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -48 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 30.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 14.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 6.33 %2024 · World Bank | -36.87 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 101,598,5272025 · World Bank | 1,418,5172025 · WB |
| Area | 331,338 km²2023 · World Bank | 14,870 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDVietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personVietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Vietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Vietnam: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · Annual average CPI change (%) · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency stated
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionVietnam: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate; percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Vietnam: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.Timor-Leste: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Vietnam: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.Timor-Leste: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · WEO general-government estimate, % of GDP. Not an observed balance for the current month.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPVietnam: 2024 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Population
- PeopleVietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2025 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceVietnam: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Timor-Leste: 2023 · World Bank · Annual World Bank observation, with its original year; not monthly data.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Vietnam to Timor-Leste
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
Timor-Leste to Vietnam
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
Connections between people
Both examined training, agriculture, digitalisation and human resource development. Protection of Vietnamese businesses and residents completed the conversation. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Vietnam living in Timor-Leste | ||
| Residents from Timor-Leste living in Vietnam | ||
| Study and training: Vietnam in Timor-Leste | ||
| Study and training: Timor-Leste in Vietnam | ||
| Academic stays: Vietnam in Timor-Leste | ||
| Academic stays: Timor-Leste in Vietnam | ||
| Travel: Vietnam to Timor-Leste | ||
| Travel: Timor-Leste to Vietnam |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Bilateral context
Trần Thanh Mẫn received Xanana Gusmão in Hanoi on 9 June 2026. The meeting recalled diplomatic relations since 2002 and the April 2010 economic and technical cooperation framework agreement. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Vietnam is 514.7 billion USD (2025), compared with 1.9 for Timor-Leste (2025). The reference populations are 101.6 and 1.42 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Vietnam was 270.58 times that of Timor-Leste in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The Vietnamese leader highlighted the signing of an ordinary-passport visa exemption, although the statement does not indicate its entry-into-force date. Both examined training, agriculture, digitalisation and human resource development. Vietnam's Parliament offered to facilitate new agreements and oversee implementation, as well as exchange legislative experience. The source presents Timor-Leste as an ASEAN member and records Gusmão's thanks for the support received. By contrast, its Parliament's full AIPA membership remained a candidacy supported by Vietnam. Protection of Vietnamese businesses and residents completed the conversation. [1]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — VNM-TLS
mofa.gov.vn · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — gdp
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official series — population
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07