Brazil and Canada
Brazil and Canada link trade, forestry cooperation, education and disaster response. The defense agreement in force since 2025 adds an institutional channel to those exchanges.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-07 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-07Goods and services
Fertilizers, aircraft, medicines and agricultural products form part of the trade described by Canada.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 10,616.12 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA |
| Goods: Brazil to Canada | 7,254.5 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA |
| Goods: Canada to Brazil | 3,361.62 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Brazil to Canada | 2.08 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA |
| Export share: Canada to Brazil | ||
| Investment stock: Brazil in Canada | ||
| Investment stock: Canada in Brazil |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA · Goods; full year; reporting country BRA. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Brazil to Canada
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA · Goods; full year; reporting country BRA. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Canada to Brazil
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA · Goods; full year; reporting country BRA. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Export share: Brazil to Canada
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / BRA · Goods share: BRA exports to the partner / exports by the same reporting country to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Brazil | Canada |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 2.28 trillion USD2025 · WB | 2.32 trillion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 10,713.29 USD2025 · WB | 55,697.66 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 2.29 %2025 · WB | 1.74 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 13.75 %2026-10-07 · Banco Central do Brasil | 2.25 %2026-09-02 · BoC |
| Inflation · annual average | 5.02 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 2.07 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 4.22 %Headline CPI · 2026-08 · year-on-year · Ministério da Fazenda / IBGE | 3 %Year-on-year · Aug. 2026 · StatCan |
| Unemployment | 5.97 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 6.91 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -8.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -1.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 93.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 113.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -2.93 %2025 · WB | -0.95 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 212,812,4052025 · WB | 41,651,6532025 · WB |
| Area | 8,510,420 km²2023 · WB | 9,984,670 km²2012 · StatCan |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · World Bank
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · World Bank
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Brazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · World Bank
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Brazil: 2026-10-07 · Target for the Selic rate, annual percentage · Banco Central do Brasil · Official monetary-policy target, not the effective daily interbank rate.Canada: 2026-09-02 · Overnight rate target · Bank of Canada
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Brazil: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World Bank
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedBrazil: 2026-08 · Headline IPCA; urban coverage of the SNIPC system · Ministério da Fazenda / IBGE · Official monthly data. Not mixed with the annual average. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-07Canada: 2026-08 · Headline CPI change relative to the same month of the previous year (%) · Statistics Canada · Published: 2026-09-14 · National headline year-on-year CPI, not monthly inflation or an annual average.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionBrazil: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Brazil: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Canada: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Brazil: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Canada: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · World Bank
- Population
- PeopleBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2025 · World Bank
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceBrazil: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Canada: 2012 · Total area of Canada, land and water; archived official geographic reference from 2012 · Statistics Canada · Not an annual measurement for 2025. Replaces an API observation that does not match the national reference.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Brazil to Canada
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 252.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 193.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 120.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 101.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 76 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 25.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 15.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 9.3 M USD2025 · Source |
Canada to Brazil
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 634 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 112.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 91.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 37.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 26 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 5.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 0.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Brazil to Canada | Canada to Brazil |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 7,716 | 4,922.3 | 2,793.7 |
| 2022 | 10,898.2 | 5,382 | 5,516.1 |
| 2023 | 9,398.7 | 5,772.3 | 3,626.4 |
| 2024 | 9,343.1 | 6,316.9 | 3,026.3 |
| 2025 | 10,616.1 | 7,254.5 | 3,361.6 |
Connections between people
Education and disaster cooperation connect institutions and citizens. Study permits, enrollment and ancestry records have different coverage. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Brazil living in Canada | ||
| Residents from Canada living in Brazil | ||
| Study and training: Brazil in Canada | ||
| Study and training: Canada in Brazil | ||
| Academic stays: Brazil in Canada | ||
| Academic stays: Canada in Brazil | ||
| Travel: Brazil to Canada | ||
| Travel: Canada to Brazil |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Diplomacy and defense
The embassies were established in 1941. The partnership develops through a strategic dialogue; the defense cooperation agreement entered into force in February 2025 and was followed by political-military discussions in May. [1]
Goods and services
Fertilizers, aircraft, medicines and agricultural products form part of the trade described by Canada. Services activity and investment add dimensions that cannot be inferred from the goods balance. [1]
Education and communities
Canada's emerging leaders program connects students and universities. The profile distinguishes Brazilian origin, birthplace and study permits: these categories do not constitute a single census of resident Brazilian citizens. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Brazil is 2,279.9 billion USD (2025), compared with 2,319.9 for Canada (2025). The reference populations are 212.81 and 41.65 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Brazil was 0.98 times that of Canada in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Reviewed: 2026-10-07
Fires and environmental protection
Brazil sent personnel to fight fires in Canada in 2023. During COP30 in 2025, cooperation on integrated fire management and mutual assistance was signed, alongside work on Amazonian biodiversity and sustainability. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Brazil and Canada) totalled 10,616.1 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 7,254.5 million; those in the opposite direction, 3,361.6 million. The difference between the two flows was 3,892.9 million, in favour of Brazil. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Brazil to the partner represented 2.08% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 7,716 million USD in 2021 and 10,616.1 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +37.6 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2022, at 10,898.2 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Brazil to Canada, at 252.3 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Canada to Brazil, at 634 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Milestones and consequences
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral document BRA-CAN
Global Affairs Canada · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 76; partners 0,36,124,620,380,710,170,604,858,68
UN Comtrade / BRA · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / BRA · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Selected HS2 chapters; reporter 76; annual 2025; same partner/flow/coverage as total
UN Comtrade / BRA · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade / BRA
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · Selected HS2 chapters; reporter 76; annual 2025; same partner/flow/coverage as total.