Brazil and Vietnam
Brazil and Vietnam signed extradition and sentenced-person transfer treaties in July 2026. These are different instruments: one regulates surrender for prosecution or punishment, the other permits serving a sentence in the nationality country with consent and authorities’ agreement.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Bilateral context
Wellington César Lima e Silva and Vietnamese Deputy Minister Lê Quốc Hùng signed both treaties in Brasília on 14 July 2026.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Brazil and Vietnam totalled 7,629.7 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, meat and edible offal stands out in shipments from Brazil to Vietnam, at 187.8 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 7,629.7 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Brazil to Vietnam | 3,760.33 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Vietnam to Brazil | 3,869.37 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Brazil to Vietnam | ||
| Export share: Vietnam to Brazil | ||
| Investment stock: Brazil in Vietnam | ||
| Investment stock: Vietnam in Brazil |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter BRA. Both directions come from the same verified customs document, not from adding mirror declarations together. Exports generally FOB; imports generally CIF.
- Goods: Brazil to Vietnam
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter BRA. Both directions come from the same verified customs document, not from adding mirror declarations together. Exports generally FOB; imports generally CIF.
- Goods: Vietnam to Brazil
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter BRA. Both directions come from the same verified customs document, not from adding mirror declarations together. Exports generally FOB; imports generally CIF.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Some annual indicators refer to different years. Check the period beside each value before comparing them.
| Indicator | Brazil | Vietnam |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 2.28 trillion USD2025 · WB | 514.7 billion USD2025 · World Bank |
| GDP per capita | 10,713.29 USD2025 · WB | 5,065.99 USD2025 · World Bank |
| GDP growth | 2.29 %2025 · WB | 8.02 %2025 · World Bank |
| Policy interest rate | 13.75 %2026-10-07 · Banco Central do Brasil | |
| Inflation · annual average | 5.02 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 3.31 %Annual average · 2025 · World Bank |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 4.22 %Headline CPI · 2026-08 · year-on-year · Ministério da Fazenda / IBGE | |
| Unemployment | 5.97 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 1.52 %ILO est.2025 · World Bank |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -8.1 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -2.2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 93.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 30.3 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -2.93 %2025 · WB | 6.33 %2024 · World Bank |
| Population | 212,812,4052025 · WB | 101,598,5272025 · World Bank |
| Area | 8,510,420 km²2023 · WB | 331,338 km²2023 · World Bank |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Brazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Brazil: 2026-10-07 · Target for the Selic rate, annual percentage · Banco Central do Brasil · Official monetary-policy target, not the effective daily interbank rate.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Brazil: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedBrazil: 2026-08 · Headline IPCA; urban coverage of the SNIPC system · Ministério da Fazenda / IBGE · Official monthly data. Not mixed with the annual average. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-07
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionBrazil: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Brazil: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Vietnam: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Brazil: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.Vietnam: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2024 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Population
- PeopleBrazil: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceBrazil: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.Vietnam: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Brazil to Vietnam
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Meat and edible offal | 187.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 61.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 19 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 15 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 4.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 1.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.0667 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.0284 M USD2025 · Source |
Vietnam to Brazil
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 1,707.1 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 462.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 83.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 1.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.172 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 0.000034 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Brazil to Vietnam | Vietnam to Brazil |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 5,635.6 | 2,619.9 | 3,015.7 |
| 2022 | 6,739.1 | 3,435.7 | 3,303.4 |
| 2023 | 6,875.2 | 3,722.4 | 3,152.8 |
| 2024 | 7,918.9 | 4,047.1 | 3,871.8 |
| 2025 | 7,629.7 | 3,760.3 | 3,869.4 |
Connections between people
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Brazil living in Vietnam | ||
| Residents from Vietnam living in Brazil | ||
| Study and training: Brazil in Vietnam | ||
| Study and training: Vietnam in Brazil | ||
| Academic stays: Brazil in Vietnam | ||
| Academic stays: Vietnam in Brazil | ||
| Travel: Brazil to Vietnam | ||
| Travel: Vietnam to Brazil |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Brazil is 2,279.9 billion USD (2025), compared with 514.7 for Vietnam (2025). The reference populations are 212.81 and 101.6 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Brazil was 4.43 times that of Vietnam in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Bilateral context
Wellington César Lima e Silva and Vietnamese Deputy Minister Lê Quốc Hùng signed both treaties in Brasília on 14 July 2026. The meeting involved Brazil’s asset recovery and international legal cooperation department, foreign and public security ministries and diplomatic delegations. [1]
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The extradition treaty establishes procedures for surrendering people sought for criminal prosecution or sentence enforcement, subject to national law, constitutional principles and human rights. The sentenced-person transfer treaty requires competent authorities’ agreement and the person’s express consent, considering family ties and sentence-serving conditions. The report confirms signing but provides no entry-into-force date. Nor does it report executed individual cases; both instruments establish legal possibilities, not automatic surrender or completed transfers. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Brazil and Vietnam) totalled 7,629.7 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 3,760.3 million; those in the opposite direction, 3,869.4 million. The difference between the two flows was 109 million, in favour of Vietnam. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 5,635.6 million USD in 2021 and 7,629.7 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +35.4 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2024, at 7,918.9 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [2]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, meat and edible offal stands out in shipments from Brazil to Vietnam, at 187.8 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, electrical and electronic equipment stands out in shipments from Vietnam to Brazil, at 1,707.1 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [3]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — BRA-VNM
Government of Brazil · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- UN Comtrade annual data; reused verified primary payload, not re-downloaded
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.