Canada and Australia
Australia and Canada share diplomatic cooperation, consular mechanisms and trans-Pacific economic relations. Education, science and emergency management provide stable institutional ties.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-07 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-07Agreements with practical scope
Cooperation covers aviation, taxation, social security, space, and fire and emergency management.
Canadian visit in March 2026
The Australian profile records the Canadian prime minister's visit and a joint statement from March 2026.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 5,249.69 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN |
| Goods: Canada to Australia | 2,404.32 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN |
| Goods: Australia to Canada | 2,845.37 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Canada to Australia | 0.43 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN |
| Export share: Australia to Canada | ||
| Investment stock: Canada in Australia | ||
| Investment stock: Australia in Canada |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN · Goods; full year; reporter CAN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Canada to Australia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN · Goods; full year; reporter CAN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Australia to Canada
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN · Goods; full year; reporter CAN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Export share: Canada to Australia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / CAN · Goods share: CAN exports to the partner / exports by the same reporter to the world, same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Canada | Australia |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 2.32 trillion USD2025 · WB | 1.8 trillion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 55,697.66 USD2025 · WB | 65,129.72 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 1.74 %2025 · WB | 1.35 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 2.25 %2026-09-02 · BoC | 4.6 %2026-09-29 · RBA |
| Inflation · annual average | 2.07 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 2.87 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 3 %Year-on-year · Aug. 2026 · StatCan | 4 %Headline CPI · 2026-08 · year-on-year · ABS |
| Unemployment | 6.91 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 4.09 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -1.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -2.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 113.5 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 51 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.95 %2025 · WB | -2.68 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 41,651,6532025 · WB | 27,614,4112025 · WB |
| Area | 9,984,670 km²2012 · StatCan | 7,741,220 km²2023 · WB |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDCanada: 2025 · World BankAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personCanada: 2025 · World BankAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Canada: 2025 · World BankAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Canada: 2026-09-02 · Overnight rate target · Bank of CanadaAustralia: 2026-09-29 · Cash rate target · RBA · Official central-bank decision; not a commercial lending rate or a bill yield.
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Canada: 2025 · Average annual CPI change (%) · World BankAustralia: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedCanada: 2026-08 · Headline CPI change relative to the same month of the previous year (%) · Statistics Canada · Published: 2026-09-14 · National headline year-on-year CPI, not monthly inflation or an annual average.Australia: 2026-08 · National headline CPI, change from the same month of the previous year · ABS · Published: 2026-09-30 · Official monthly data. Not mixed with the annual average. · Alternative official source; verified 2026-10-07
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionCanada: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Australia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, % of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Canada: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Australia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Canada: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Australia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO estimate, not a monthly observation. Retains the country's fiscal year where it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPCanada: 2025 · World BankAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Population
- PeopleCanada: 2025 · World BankAustralia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceCanada: 2012 · Total area of Canada, land and water; archived official geographic reference from 2012 · Statistics Canada · Not an annual measurement for 2025. Replaces an API observation that does not match the national reference.Australia: 2023 · World Bank / FAO · Official World Bank series; latest verified period available for this series in the 2023–2025 query.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Canada to Australia
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 524 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 137.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 136 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 83.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Meat and edible offal | 21.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 20.2 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 4.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 3.4 M USD2025 · Source |
Australia to Canada
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Meat and edible offal | 597.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 183.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 119.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 52.8 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 42.3 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 20.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 11.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Mineral fuels and oils | 3.1 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Canada to Australia | Australia to Canada |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3,634.5 | 1,855.9 | 1,778.6 |
| 2022 | 4,463.9 | 2,428.9 | 2035 |
| 2023 | 4,752.6 | 2,352 | 2,400.6 |
| 2024 | 4,463.6 | 2,289.2 | 2,174.4 |
| 2025 | 5,249.7 | 2,404.3 | 2,845.4 |
Connections between people
Academic, administrative and consular exchanges complement business and community ties between two countries with large territories. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Canada living in Australia | ||
| Residents from Australia living in Canada | ||
| Study and training: Canada in Australia | ||
| Study and training: Australia in Canada | ||
| Academic stays: Canada in Australia | ||
| Academic stays: Australia in Canada | ||
| Travel: Canada to Australia | ||
| Travel: Australia to Canada |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Diplomacy and institutional cooperation
The countries exchanged high commissioners in 1939. Collaboration spans administrations, parliaments, universities and businesses; both also share a federal context and geographically dispersed communities. [1]
Agreements with practical scope
Cooperation covers aviation, taxation, social security, space, and fire and emergency management. Consular mechanisms allow assistance where one of the countries has no representation of its own. [1]
Trans-Pacific economic relationship
Both participate in the CPTPP, which establishes a shared trade framework. The treaty coexists with bilateral business agreements and networks; its rules should not be confused with the value of goods sold during a year. [2]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Canada is 2,319.9 billion USD (2025), compared with 1,798.5 for Australia (2025). The reference populations are 41.65 and 27.61 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Canada was 1.29 times that of Australia in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Reviewed: 2026-10-07
Canadian visit in March 2026
The Australian profile records the Canadian prime minister's visit and a joint statement from March 2026. The dialogue connects with security, prosperity and international cooperation, based on a longstanding institutional relationship. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Canada and Australia) totalled 5,249.7 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 2,404.3 million; those in the opposite direction, 2,845.4 million. The difference between the two flows was 441 million, in favour of Australia. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [3]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Canada to the partner represented 0.43% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [3]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 3,634.5 million USD in 2021 and 5,249.7 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +44.4 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2025, at 5,249.7 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [4]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, machinery and mechanical appliances stands out in shipments from Canada to Australia, at 524 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, meat and edible offal stands out in shipments from Australia to Canada, at 597.9 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [5]
Milestones and consequences
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations: AUS–CAN
Australia DFAT · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Bilateral relations: AUS–CAN
Global Affairs Canada · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 124; partners 0,36
UN Comtrade / CAN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade / CAN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Selected HS2 chapters; reporter 124; annual 2025; same partner/flow/coverage as total
UN Comtrade / CAN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
- SP.POP.TOTL; 2023–2025; country and period preserved; no military series
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade / CAN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · Selected HS2 chapters; reporter 124; annual 2025; same partner/flow/coverage as total.