Russia and Indonesia
Indonesia is expanding cooperation with Russia in trade, energy and defense without abandoning its nonaligned foreign policy. The Eurasian Economic Union agreement opens a new market access agenda.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-07 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-07Diversifying partners without adopting an exclusive alliance
Prabowo Subianto's June 2025 visit to Russia formalized a strategic partnership.
Trade, energy and cooperation mechanisms
Trade relations combine raw materials and industrial supplies with Indonesian products, including vegetable oils and other goods.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 4,845.89 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN |
| Goods: Russia to Indonesia | 2,969.52 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN |
| Goods: Indonesia to Russia | 1,876.37 M USD | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Russia to Indonesia | ||
| Export share: Indonesia to Russia | 0.67 % | 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN |
| Investment stock: Russia in Indonesia | ||
| Investment stock: Indonesia in Russia |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN · Goods; full year; reporter IDN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Russia to Indonesia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN · Goods; full year; reporter IDN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Goods: Indonesia to Russia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN · Goods; full year; reporter IDN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF according to the reporter's coverage. Mirror reports are not added together.
- Export share: Indonesia to Russia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade / IDN · Goods share: IDN exports to the partner / exports by the same reporting country to the world, in the same year.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
Year-on-year inflation: different periods or frequencies; the two figures are not directly comparable.
| Indicator | Russia | Indonesia |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 2.59 trillion USDIMF est.2025 · IMF | 1.45 trillion USD2025 · World Bank |
| GDP per capita | 17,972.12 USDIMF est.2025 · IMF | 5,059.63 USD2025 · World Bank |
| GDP growth | 1 %2025 · WB | 5.11 %2025 · World Bank |
| Policy interest rate | 14 %2026-09-11 · CBR | |
| Inflation · annual average | 8.72 %Annual average · 2025 · WB | 1.91 %Annual average · 2025 · World Bank |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 6.33 %Year-on-year · Aug. 2026 · CBR | 3.28 %Year-on-year · 2026-09 · BPS Indonesia |
| Unemployment | 2.13 %ILO est.2025 · WB | 3.24 %ILO est.2025 · World Bank |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -3.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -2.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 17.2 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 41 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | 1.68 %2025 · WB | -0.11 %2025 · World Bank |
| Population | 143,997,000IMF est.2025 · IMF | 285,721,2362025 · World Bank |
| Area | 17,125,190 km²2023 · BM / FAO | 1,916,907 km²2023 · World Bank |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
For Russia, GDP, population and GDP per capita are estimates from the same IMF (WEO) dataset for 2025. The per-capita figure published by the IMF is used, rather than a calculation of our own. The earlier World Bank series could not be reconciled and are not mixed with this dataset. Review: 2026-10-07. IMF data terms of use0
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDRussia: 2025 · Nominal GDP in current USD · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate (WEO). GDP, GDP per capita and population for this country come from the same WEO query for 2025; no separate GDP-per-capita figure has been calculated.Indonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personRussia: 2025 · Nominal GDP per capita in current USD · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate (WEO). GDP, GDP per capita and population for this country come from the same WEO query for 2025; no separate GDP-per-capita figure has been calculated.Indonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Russia: 2025 · World BankIndonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Russia: 2026-09-11 · Bank of Russia policy rate · Bank of Russia
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Russia: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World BankIndonesia: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedRussia: 2026-08 · Change in headline CPI from the same month of the previous year (%) · Bank of Russia · Published: 2026-09-16 · Year-on-year CPI. The commentary's 6.9% is annualised seasonally adjusted monthly growth and is not used here.Indonesia: 2026-09 · Headline CPI; change against the same month of the previous year · BPS Indonesia · National headline CPI year-on-year; not the monthly change or January–September average.
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionRussia: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.Indonesia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Russia: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Indonesia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Russia: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.Indonesia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPRussia: 2025 · World BankIndonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Population
- PeopleRussia: 2025 · Population from the WEO series; do not mix with a denominator from another source · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est. · IMF estimate (WEO). GDP, GDP per capita and population for this country come from the same WEO query for 2025; no separate GDP-per-capita figure has been calculated.Indonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceRussia: 2023 · Total area, including inland waters; territorial coverage as defined by the source · World Bank · FAOIndonesia: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Russia to Indonesia
Indonesia to Russia
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Russia to Indonesia | Indonesia to Russia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2,746.7 | 1,253.8 | 1,492.9 |
| 2022 | 3,655.8 | 2,180.4 | 1,475.4 |
| 2023 | 3,586.9 | 2,442.2 | 1,144.7 |
| 2024 | 3,981.6 | 2,240.8 | 1,740.9 |
| 2025 | 4,845.9 | 2,969.5 | 1,876.4 |
Connections between people
Educational and technical contacts have their own mechanisms. Presidential visits and trade goals do not allow resident, student or tourist populations to be calculated. [4] [2]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Russia living in Indonesia | ||
| Residents from Indonesia living in Russia | ||
| Study and training: Russia in Indonesia | ||
| Study and training: Indonesia in Russia | ||
| Academic stays: Russia in Indonesia | ||
| Academic stays: Indonesia in Russia | ||
| Travel: Russia to Indonesia | ||
| Travel: Indonesia to Russia |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Diversifying partners without adopting an exclusive alliance
Prabowo Subianto's June 2025 visit to Russia formalized a strategic partnership. Indonesia seeks to diversify its economic partners and maintains political and security contacts with Moscow. Its BRICS participation added a shared multilateral forum, distinct from bilateral commitments. At the Eastern Economic Forum in September 2026, Prabowo reiterated the independent and nonaligned character of Indonesia's foreign policy. This is a relevant distinction: intensifying contacts with Russia does not equal a mutual defense treaty or breaking ties with other powers. [1] [2]
Trade, energy and cooperation mechanisms
Trade relations combine raw materials and industrial supplies with Indonesian products, including vegetable oils and other goods. The joint trade, economic and technical cooperation commission provides a mechanism to address specific projects and barriers. Its fourteenth session was held in Kazan on May 12, 2026, and reviewed the partnership's development. Energy supply security, technological cooperation and market access form part of the agenda. Understanding its effects requires distinguishing customs exchanges, possible new contracts and investment projects still requiring financing or implementation. [3] [1]
The trade agreement with the Eurasian Union
Indonesia signed a free trade agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union in December 2025. It is not only an agreement with Russia: its coverage includes other bloc members. In September 2026, Kemlu indicated implementation was expected in early 2027, so it is not presented here as already effective. The announced tariff reduction offers opportunities for exporters, but using it will depend on origin rules and effective application. Planned regional access also does not become an observed Russian–Indonesian bilateral trade figure. [4] [2]
The scale of the two economies
Russia's reference nominal GDP is USD 2587.9 billion in 2025, compared with 1445.6 in 2025 for Indonesia. The reference populations are 144 million (2025) and 285.72 million (2025), respectively. In the same year, Russia's nominal GDP was 1.79 times that of Indonesia. The figures contextualize market size; they do not in themselves describe well-being, individual wealth or political influence. IMF estimates or demographic extrapolations retain their markings in the table. A ratio is not calculated when the periods do not match. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Reviewed: 2026-10-07
The agenda presented in Vladivostok in 2026
Indonesia participated in the Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok in September 2026. The official agenda emphasized connectivity, strategic cooperation and the aspiration to increase trade. The announced objective of doubling it is a political target, not growth already achieved. The partnership also includes defense, education and technical capability contacts. For travelers, students and businesses, the relationship has different implications by sector: entry permits, recognition of qualifications, international payments and contract implementation require their own rules. Cooperation announcements are therefore kept separate from quantities verified in the tables. [2] [3] [1]
Observed economic exchange
In 2025, recorded goods trade between Russia and Indonesia totaled USD 4845.9 million. Shipments from Russia to Indonesia were 2969.5 million USD; those in the opposite direction were 1876.4 million USD. Indonesia's shipments to the partner represented 0.67 % of its goods exports to the world, using the same year and reporting country. A single customs declaration is used for both directions. This annual flow does not include all services activity or subsidiaries' local sales and is not added to accumulated investment capital. [5]
Milestones and consequences
- 2025-06
Strategic partnership
The presidential visit expands the bilateral framework. [1]
- 2025-12
Signing of the regional trade agreement
Indonesia and the Eurasian Economic Union sign a treaty. [4]
- 2026-05-12
Economic commission in Kazan
Trade and technical cooperation are reviewed. [3]
- 2026-09-03
Vladivostok forum
Indonesia outlines its economic agenda and nonaligned policy. [2]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Each figure retains its period, unit, definition and source. Announcements, contracts and results are not interchangeable. Empty cells do not mean zero. Customs data for 2025 are not presented as activity observed during later crises.
- Indonesia–Russia strategic partnership
Indonesian Kemlu · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Indonesia at the Eastern Economic Forum in 2026
Indonesian Kemlu · Institutional source · Document: 2026-09-04 · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- May 2026 bilateral economic commission
Indonesian Kemlu · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Signing of the Indonesia–EAEU agreement
Indonesian Kemlu · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Annual TOTAL X/M; 2025; reporter 360; partners 0,643
UN Comtrade / IDN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
IMF — World Economic Outlook · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
IMF — World Economic Outlook · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- SP.POP.TOTL; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 10; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / IDN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 15; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / IDN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 27; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / IDN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- HS2 84; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods
UN Comtrade / IDN · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade / IDN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 10; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / IDN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 15; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / IDN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 27; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods.
- UN Comtrade / IDN
2026-10-07 · Accessed: 2026-10-07 · HS2 84; 2025; reporter 360; partners 643; X/M; annual goods.