Indonesia and Pakistan
Indonesia and Pakistan connect seventy-five years of diplomatic history with trade, defense and education. Cooperation also has a reciprocal humanitarian dimension, visible in responses to floods, earthquakes and tsunamis in both countries.
Analysis reviewed: 2026-10-08 · Indicators updated: 2026-10-08Bilateral context
Diplomatic ties began in April 1950 and both promoted the Bandung Conference of 1955.
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, goods trade between Indonesia and Pakistan totalled 4,264 million current USD.
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Indonesia to Pakistan, at 65.9 million USD in 2025.
Bilateral indicators
Blank cells: data unavailable.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Goods trade | 4,264.04 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Indonesia to Pakistan | 4,110.72 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Goods: Pakistan to Indonesia | 153.31 M USD | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Services trade | ||
| Export share: Indonesia to Pakistan | 1.46 % | 2025 · Comtrade |
| Export share: Pakistan to Indonesia | ||
| Investment stock: Indonesia in Pakistan | ||
| Investment stock: Pakistan in Indonesia |
Definitions and sources
Trade adds both directions. Shares refer to the country’s total goods exports; investment is an accumulated stock, not an annual flow. Every figure retains the currency and period of its source. BEA positions are historical-cost estimates based on the immediate counterpart, not market values or investment by ultimate owner. ‘More than’ indicates a lower bound, not an exact amount. A recorded stock does not establish new activity or authorisation to operate under sanctions.
- Goods trade
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter IDN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Indonesia to Pakistan
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter IDN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Goods: Pakistan to Indonesia
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Goods; full calendar year; reporter IDN. Exports normally FOB and imports CIF; no addition of mirror declarations. Both directions are identified from the same customs authority.
- Export share: Indonesia to Pakistan
- 2025 · UN Comtrade · Exports to the partner / worldwide exports by the same reporter; same year and coverage.
Country comparison
Period and source beside each figure · est. = estimate by the stated institution.
| Indicator | Indonesia | Pakistan |
|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP | 1.45 trillion USD2025 · World Bank | 407.31 billion USD2025 · WB |
| GDP per capita | 5,059.63 USD2025 · World Bank | 1,595.91 USD2025 · WB |
| GDP growth | 5.11 %2025 · World Bank | 3.7 %2025 · WB |
| Policy interest rate | 11.5 %2026-09-14 · SBP | |
| Inflation · annual average | 1.91 %Annual average · 2025 · World Bank | 3.55 %Annual average · 2025 · WB |
| Inflation · latest year-on-year figure | 3.28 %Year-on-year · 2026-09 · BPS Indonesia | 10.3 %Year-on-year · Sept. 2026 · PBS |
| Unemployment | 3.24 %ILO est.2025 · World Bank | 5.42 %ILO est.2025 · WB |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | -2.9 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | -5.4 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Gross public debt (% of GDP) | 41 %IMF est.2025 · IMF | 72.8 %IMF est.2025 · IMF |
| Current account balance (% of GDP) | -0.11 %2025 · World Bank | -0.11 %2025 · WB |
| Population | 285,721,2362025 · World Bank | 255,219,5542025 · WB |
| Area | 1,916,907 km²2023 · World Bank | 796,100 km²2023 · BM / FAO |
| Military expenditure | ||
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) |
Definitions, dates and sources
Blank cells are not zero. Average annual inflation and the latest year-on-year figure appear in separate rows: they are not the same measure. Every annual indicator retains its reference year; when the years differ, the figures are identified as not directly comparable. When a figure is unavailable from the World Bank, an annual IMF estimate is used and identified as such. The latest year-on-year figure is the latest official release verified as of 7 October 2026. This includes advance releases marked as provisional. Mexico may have a fortnightly figure before the full month is published; it is not automatically compared with a monthly figure. The publication date is retained in each source’s details; it does not replace the observation period or the annual average. Policy rates carry their own dates and represent different instruments. Spain and France share the ECB rate. Balances are positive for surpluses and negative for deficits. The IMF may use fiscal years; unemployment retains each source’s definition (ILO estimates, IMF WEO or PCBS), as stated in the details. For Palestine, debt and the fiscal balance cover central government and retain the PCBS definition; they are not presented as consolidated general government. These are economic magnitudes, not measures of relationship quality.
Area retains each source’s territorial coverage; it does not determine sovereignty or effective control. Canada uses an archived national geographic reference. Military expenditure retains the 2024 SIPRI sample distributed by the World Bank: the amount and percentage of GDP use that same definition, which differs from NATO’s. It is not an approved budget or a 2026 figure. Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military expenditure database · Terms of use0
Indicators reviewed: 2026-10-07. Each source retains its original access date; this review does not turn all the data into 2026 observations. Figures may be revised.
- Nominal GDP
- Current USDIndonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · World Bank
- GDP per capita
- Current USD per personIndonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · World Bank
- GDP growth
- Annual real change (%)Indonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · World Bank
- Policy interest rate
- Central bank instrument (%)Pakistan: 2026-09-14 · State Bank of Pakistan policy rate · State Bank of Pakistan
- Inflation · annual average
- Average annual change in headline CPI (%)Indonesia: 2025 · Annual average change in CPI (%) · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · Annual average change in the CPI (%) · World Bank
- Inflation · latest year-on-year figure
- Headline CPI relative to the same period of the previous year (%); monthly or fortnightly frequency statedIndonesia: 2026-09 · Headline CPI; change against the same month of the previous year · BPS Indonesia · National headline CPI year-on-year; not the monthly change or January–September average.Pakistan: 2026-09 · Change in headline CPI from the same month of the previous year (%) · Pakistan Bureau of Statistics · Published: 2026-10-01 · National headline CPI published rounded to one decimal place; not the quarterly average, Sensitive Price Indicator (SPI) or Wholesale Price Index (WPI).
- Unemployment
- % of the labour force; definition used by the stated institutionIndonesia: 2025 · ILO modelled estimate, percentage of the labour force · World Bank · ILO est. · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · World Bank · ILO est.
- Budget balance
- General government (% of GDP)Indonesia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.Pakistan: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Gross public debt
- General government (% of GDP)Indonesia: 2025 · IMF · IMF est. · IMF WEO general-government estimate. Retains the source’s fiscal year when it differs from the calendar year.Pakistan: 2025 · IMF — World Economic Outlook · IMF est.
- Current account balance
- % of GDPIndonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · World Bank
- Population
- PeopleIndonesia: 2025 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2025 · World Bank
- Area
- Total area in km²; territorial coverage of the sourceIndonesia: 2023 · World Bank · Official World Bank series; observation period, not download date.Pakistan: 2023 · Total area, including inland waters; source's territorial coverage · World Bank · FAO
- Military expenditure
- Current USD per year; SIPRI series
- Military expenditure (% of GDP)
- Percentage of GDP; SIPRI definition, not NATO’s definition
Other data specific to this relationship
What they buy and sell
Documented selection, not an exhaustive list. Cells without a figure do not mean zero value; some products are identified without a verified amount.
Indonesia to Pakistan
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels and oils | 65.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 57.4 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 38.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 30.7 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 13.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 0.156 M USD2025 · Source |
Pakistan to Indonesia
| Product or sector | Value / share |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels and oils | 10.5 M USD2025 · Source |
| Metal ores | 4.9 M USD2025 · Source |
| Machinery and mechanical appliances | 1.6 M USD2025 · Source |
| Electrical and electronic equipment | 0.0228 M USD2025 · Source |
| Vehicles and components | 0.00292 M USD2025 · Source |
| Dairy products, eggs and honey | 0.000423 M USD2025 · Source |
| Pharmaceutical products | 0.000242 M USD2025 · Source |
How trade has changed
Billions of current USD · full calendar years
View chart figures
| Period | Total | Indonesia to Pakistan | Pakistan to Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 4,016.1 | 3,830.6 | 185.5 |
| 2022 | 4,511.8 | 4,323.7 | 188.1 |
| 2023 | 3,340 | 3,030.7 | 309.2 |
| 2024 | 4,143.8 | 3,522.3 | 621.5 |
| 2025 | 4,264 | 4,110.7 | 153.3 |
Connections between people
The defense agreement was signed in 2010 and ratified in 2015, with consultations, training and personnel exchanges. Indonesia offers Darmasiswa and KNB scholarships, and the Karachi consulate has taught Indonesian since 2012. [1]
Residents, study and travel
Blank cells: data unavailable. Each measure retains its definition and period.
| Indicator | Value | Period / source |
|---|---|---|
| Residents from Indonesia living in Pakistan | ||
| Residents from Pakistan living in Indonesia | ||
| Study and training: Indonesia in Pakistan | ||
| Study and training: Pakistan in Indonesia | ||
| Academic stays: Indonesia in Pakistan | ||
| Academic stays: Pakistan in Indonesia | ||
| Travel: Indonesia to Pakistan | ||
| Travel: Pakistan to Indonesia |
What each figure measures
Residents are counted by nationality and the coverage of the stated register, not as people born in the other country or as new arrivals in one year. PERE includes dual nationals and people born outside Spain. Study with OPT and stays carrying academic credit are different measures. Travel may include several visits by the same person; FRONTUR arrivals require an overnight stay, whereas the Canadian survey includes day visits. These figures are neither added together nor automatically compared across directions.
Mobility data added or reviewed: 2026-10-07. Reference periods may be earlier.
Underlying ties
History, institutions and long-standing issues.
Bilateral context
Diplomatic ties began in April 1950 and both promoted the Bandung Conference of 1955. The economic partnership framework was signed in 2005, followed by the preferential trade agreement of 2013 and its amendment protocol of 2018. [1]
The scale of both economies
Nominal GDP for Indonesia is 1,445.6 billion USD (2025), compared with 407.3 for Pakistan (2025). The reference populations are 285.72 and 255.22 million, respectively. In the same year, the economy of Indonesia was 3.55 times that of Pakistan in nominal GDP. The comparison provides context on market size, but does not, on its own, measure influence, well-being or diplomatic closeness. Estimates and their sources retain their labels in the tables. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Recent developments
Recent developments and latest available data · Review: 2026-10-08
Cooperation and bilateral issues
The defense agreement was signed in 2010 and ratified in 2015, with consultations, training and personnel exchanges. Indonesia offers Darmasiswa and KNB scholarships, and the Karachi consulate has taught Indonesian since 2012. Indonesia provided aid for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and the 2010 and 2022 floods; Pakistan provided support after the 2004 Aceh tsunami. The consultation mechanism held sessions in 2017, 2018 and 2022, and in that last year creation of a joint commission was agreed. [1]
What merchandise trade shows
In 2025, merchandise trade between the two countries (Indonesia and Pakistan) totalled 4,264 million current USD. Shipments from the first to the second were 4,110.7 million; those in the opposite direction, 153.3 million. The difference between the two flows was 3,957.4 million, in favour of Indonesia. This is a goods balance, not the total balance of the economic relationship: it excludes services, income and transfers. Both directions come from a single customs reporter to avoid adding mirror records. [2]
The partner's share of exports
Sales from Indonesia to the partner represented 1.46% of its worldwide goods exports in 2025. The share compares the same reporter, year and coverage. It measures export concentration, not the percentage of GDP dependent on this relationship. A partner may be important in a specific sector even if its share of total goods trade is small. [2]
Five years of trade trends
The consistent series shows 4,016.1 million USD in 2021 and 4,264 million in 2025. The change between the two endpoints was +6.2 % in current dollars. The highest annual value in the period was recorded in 2022, at 4,511.8 million. The chart allows the two directions to be compared to see whether they moved together or differently. The change combines quantities, prices and exchange rates; it is not automatically attributed to a treaty, a visit or a political decision. The same reporter is retained and missing years are not interpolated. [3]
Documented trade sectors
Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Indonesia to Pakistan, at 65.9 million USD in 2025. Within the selected chapters, mineral fuels and oils stands out in shipments from Pakistan to Indonesia, at 10.5 million USD in 2025. The table compares eight selected chapters with the same coverage as the trade total. It is not a complete list or proof that the first item in this selection is the leading product across the entire relationship. A chapter groups numerous goods: machinery and components, for example, do not describe a single business transaction. [4]
Sources and data
Periods and scope of the figures
Institutional sources and periods accompany each figure. Annual trade, investment positions, residents and visits are distinct measures. Empty cells do not mean zero. Statements of intent are not presented as project implementation or treaties in force.
- Bilateral relations — IDN-PAK
kemlu.go.id · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Trade series 2021–2025
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record
UN Comtrade · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-08
- NY.GDP.MKTP.CD; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-09-17
- SP.POP.TOTL; country ISO and year preserved; no military data; exact requested country subset independently re-fetched and values compared
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-07
- Official statistics
World Bank · Institutional source · Accessed: 2026-10-06
Additional sources on products and human connections
- UN Comtrade
2026-10-08 · Accessed: 2026-10-08 · Bounded matrix; reporter, partner, year, chapter and direction identified in each record.